Tesis

Association Between Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages with Nutritional Status of Private Senior High School Students in Pontianak = Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan dan Minuman Ultra Olahan dengan Status Gizi Siswa SMA Swasta di Pontianak.

This cross-sectional study conducted in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, investigates the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) and beverages consumption and the nutritional status of private senior high school students. The study addresses the rising concern of the "double burden" of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents, driven by changes in the food system. Data collection was conducted in Imanuel and Petrus SHS Pontianak on June 2023, with 273 students grade 10th and 11 th. Weight and height measurement was obtained for calculating the BMI for age Z-scores, while UPF and beverages consumption was obtained by FFQ. Structured questionnaire, 24-hours recall, and IPAQ-S were used for assessing sociodemographic status, TEI and PAL. Data analysis used SPSS version 26. The result found 40.3% students were overweight obesity; 51.6% consumed excessive of UPF and beverages. The results reveal an inverse association between UPF consumption and nutritional status. The study identifies gender, mother's education level, and family income as factors associated with nutritional status among adolescents. This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay of dietary patterns, socio-economic factors, and nutritional status among adolescents in the context of a rapidly changing food landscape.
Keywords: adolescent students, nutritional status, socio-demographic factors, sugarsweetened beverages, ultra-processed foods


Studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat ini menyelidiki hubungan antara konsumsi makanan ultra-olahan (UPF) dan minuman dengan status gizi siswa SMA. Studi ini membahas meningkatnya kekhawatiran akan “beban ganda” malnutrisi di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah, dengan fokus pada peningkatan prevalensi kelebihan berat badan/obesitas di kalangan remaja, yang didorong oleh perubahan dalam sistem pangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di SMA Imanuel dan Petrus Pontianak pada bulan Juni 2023, dengan jumlah siswa kelas 10 dan 11 sebanyak 273 orang. Pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan diperoleh untuk menghitung IMT Z-score, sedangkan UPF dan konsumsi minuman diperoleh dengan FFQ. Kuesioner terstruktur, recall 24 jam dan IPAQ-S digunakan untuk menilai status sosiodemografi, TEI dan PAL. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 40,3% siswa mengalami kelebihan berat badan-obesitas; 51,6% mengonsumsi UPF dan minuman berlebihan. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya asosiasi terbalik antara konsumsi UPF dan status gizi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan ibu, dan pendapatan keluarga sebagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi pada remaja. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi wawasan berharga mengenai interaksi yang kompleks antara pola makan, faktor sosio-ekonomi, dan status gizi di kalangan remaja dalam konteks lanskap pangan yang berubah dengan cepat.
Kata kunci: siswa remaja, status gizi, faktor sosio-demografi, minuman berpemanis, makanan ultra-olahan