Tesis

Eksplorasi Konsep Perluasan Akses Pendidikan Dokter di Indonesia: Perspektif Pimpinan Fakultas Kedokteran = Exploring Medical Education Widening Access Concept in Indonesia: Medical School Leaders’ Perspectives.

Pendahuluan: Perluasan Akses Pendidikan Dokter (PAPD) adalah upaya untuk memberikan kesempatan yang setara pada semua pihak dari berbagai latar belakang untuk mengakses pendidikan dokter. PAPD menjadi perhatian di berbagai negara karena terkait dengan kemampuan empati dokter dan pemerataan dokter di daerah tertinggal. Penelitian tentang PAPD di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas, bahkan profil keberagaman mahasiswa kedokteran di Indonesia belum tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bermaksud memberikan gambaran awal tentang posisi PAPD di Indonesia saat ini dengan mengeksplorasi sudut pandang para pimpinan Fakultas Kedokteran mengenai konsep PAPD di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian bertujuan mengeksplorasi pemahaman konsep PAPD, manfaat PAPD, peran pemangku kepentingan dalam penerapan PAPD mulai dari tahap praseleksi, tahap seleksi, dan tahap pasca seleksi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam secara daring terhadap pimpinan Fakultas Kedokteran yang mewakili variasi maksimal (negeri/swasta, peringkat akreditasi, dan lokasi geografis). Kemudian dilakukan transkripsi verbatim, pengkodean, pencarian tema, dan deskripsi tema. Hasil: Diperoleh 6 tema utama yaitu pemahaman konsep, manfaat, peran pemangku kepentingan, penerapan tahap pra-seleksi, penerapan tahap seleksi, dan penerapan tahap pasca seleksi. Diantara temuan menarik dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai implikasi dominansi perempuan, manfaat mempererat persatuan nasional, kurangnya peran lembaga akreditasi, tantangan dalam merancang metode seleksi masuk mahasiswa, stigma biaya pendidikan FK mahal, kurangnya tenaga dosen di bidang kedokteran, dan rendahnya resiliensi mahasiswa asal daerah tertinggal. Kesimpulan: PAPD di Indonesia adalah upaya memenuhi kecukupan dokter dengan peningkatan jumlah dokter di daerah tertinggal dan upaya mewujudkan kesetaraan kesempatan mengakses pendidikan dokter bagi mahasiswa asal daerah tertinggal dan status sosio-ekonomi rendah. PAPD bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi, empati, dan adaptasi mahasiswa kedokteran, solusi masalah distribusi/pemerataan, dan mempererat persatuan nasional.
Kata kunci: perluasan akses, pendidikan dokter, pemerataan dokter, faktor geografis, sosio-ekonomi


Background: Widening Access to Medical Education is an effort to provide equal opportunities for all people from various backgrounds to access medical education. It has been concerned in various countries because it related to the doctors’ empathy and distribution of doctors in rural areas. However, research on this subject in Indonesia is still very limited, even Indonesia does not yet have a demographic profile of medical students to assess diversity. Therefore, this study intends to provide a preliminary overview of the current position of Medical Education Widening Access in Indonesia by exploring the perspectives of medical faculty’s leaders regarding its concept. Method: The study aims to explore the understanding of the Medical Education Widening Access concept, the benefits of Medical Education Widening Access, and to know the stakeholders’ roles on its implementation in each pre-selection, selection, and post-selection stage. Data collection was carried out by online indepth interviews with the leaders of the Faculty of Medicine who represented maximum variations (public/private, accreditation ratings, and geographical locations), then a verbatim transcription was performed. Finally, the transcription was analyzed by coding, theme search, and theme description. Results: Six main themes emerged in this study are the understanding of Medical Education Widening Access concepts, benefits of Medical Education Widening Access, roles of stakeholders, pre-selection staged implementation, selection staged implementation, and post-selection staged implementation. Some interesting findings are about the implication of women dominance in medical education, impact on strengthening national unity, challenges in designing selection methods, the lack of accreditation agencies’ role, the stigma that medical education must be expensive, the lack of lecturers in the medical field, and the low resilience of students from rural areas. Conclusion: Medical Education Widening Access in Indonesia is an effort to meet the adequacy of doctors by increasing the number of doctors in disadvantaged areas and to achieve equal opportunity to access medical education for students from rural areas and low socio-economic status. The benefits include improving the communication, empathy, and adaptation skills of medical students, solving problems of distribution/equity, and strengthening national unity.
Key words: widening access, medical eduation, doctor distribution, geographic factor, socio-economic status