Tesis

Insidens Retinopati Prematuritas dan Faktor Risiko Progresivitaspada Bayi di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo = Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity and Risk Factorsfor Progression in Infants at Dr. Cipto MangunkusumoNational Central General Hospital.

Retinopati prematuritas (retinopathy of prematurity/ROP) merupakan penyebabutama gangguan penglihatan pada bayi prematur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui insidens ROP dan hubungan faktor neonatal, stres oksidatif, sertakomorbiditas dengan progresivitas ROP pada bayi risiko tinggi di RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Studi kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada bayi risiko tinggiyang menjalani penapisan ROP pada periode Januari 2020 hingga Desember 2024.Data demografi dan klinis dikumpulkan dari rekam medis. Analisis statistikdilaksanakan menggunakan uji bivariat dan regresi logistik multivariat. Dari 949bayi yang menjalani penapisan, insidens kumulatif ROP adalah 14,7%. Subjekdengan ROP yang memenuhi kriteria analisis progresivitas berjumlah 121 bayi,dengan 26,4% mengalami perburukan derajat penyakit. Gambaran klinis saatdiagnosis didominasi oleh stadium 3 (60,9%) dan zona II (55,4%). Hasil analisismenunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara faktorneonatal (usia gestasi, berat lahir, resusitasi aktif), stres oksidatif (transfusi darah,durasi terapi oksigen), maupun komorbiditas (sepsis, hipotensi, extrauterine growthrestriction, penyakit jantung bawaan, kelainan intrakranial) dengan progresivitasROP (p > 0,05). Tidak ditemukan faktor risiko tunggal yang secara independenmemprediksi progresivitas, yang mengindikasikan bahwa perburukan ROP bersifatmultifaktorial dan menekankan pentingnya stabilitas sistemik komprehensif sertakepatuhan jadwal penapisan yang ketat.
Kata kunci: Retinopati prematuritas, insidens, progresivitas, faktor risiko, bayiprematur.


Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of visual impairment inpreterm infants. This study aimed to determine the incidence of ROP and therelationship between neonatal risk factors, oxidative stress, and comorbidities withROP progression in high-risk infants at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National CentralGeneral Hospital. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on high-risk infantsundergoing ROP screening from January 2020 to December 2024. Demographicand clinical data were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis wasperformed using bivariate tests and multivariate logistic regression. Of 949screened infants, the cumulative incidence of ROP was 14.7%. Among 121 subjectswith ROP eligible for progression analysis, 26.4% experienced disease worsening.The clinical profile at diagnosis was dominated by stage 3 (60.9%) and zone II(55.4%). The analysis showed no statistically significant relationship betweenneonatal risk factors (gestational age, birth weight, active resuscitation), oxidativestress (blood transfusion, oxygen therapy duration), or comorbidities (sepsis,hypotension, extrauterine growth restriction, congenital heart defects, intracranialhemorrhage) and ROP progression (p > 0.05). No single risk factor was found toindependently predict progression, suggesting that ROP worsening is multifactorialand underscores the importance of comprehensive systemic stability and strictadherence to screening schedules.
Keywords: Retinopathy of prematurity, incidence, progression, risk factors,