Skripsi

Hubungan Diabetes Self-Care Behaviour dengan Kontrol Glikemik Penyandang Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Kota Bogor = The Relationship between Diabetes Self-Care Behaviour with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bogor City.

Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) disandang oleh 10,7 juta orang diIndonesia dan menjadi tiga besar penyakit tidak menular penyebab kematian. Sebagianbesar kematian terjadi akibat komplikasi yang diawali oleh kontrol glikemik kadarHbA1c yang tidak adekuat, dan diasosiasikan dengan aspek multifaktorial sepertikarakteristik sosiodemografi maupun perilaku individu dalam merawat diri—Self-CareBehaviour. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kontrol glikemikpada penyandang DMT2 dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi dan perilaku self-care yangdimiliki.Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain potong-lintang terhadap data sekunder yangdikumpulkan sebelumnya pada Kohor Penyakit Tidak Menular Bogor 2021. Datadikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Self-Care Behaviour yang divalidasi dalam bahasaIndonesia, pengukuran kadar HbA1c serta karakteristik penyandang. Populasi studiadalah penyandang DMT2 di lima fasilitas kesehatan primer di Kota Bogor. Sampeldianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan perhitungan odds ratio.Hasil: Analisis dilakukan pada 237 responden, terdiri atas 90 responden kelompok usialansia (38%) dan 147 dewasa (62%). Jenis kelamin responden didominasi perempuansebanyak 171 responden (72,2%) dan 66 responden laki-laki (27,8%). Sebanyak 149responden (62,9%) memiliki skor Self-Care Behaviour yang baik. Sejumlah 134responden (56,6%) memiliki kadar HbA1c yang terkontrol. Empat dari tujuh komponenSelf-Care Behaviour—pengetahuan, motivasi, dukungan, dan efikasi—berhubungandengan kontrol glikemik (p < 0,001). Efikasi menjadi prediktor kadar HbA1c terkontrolpaling kuat (Odds ratio [OR]: 9,7; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5,27–17,67). Skorkeseluruhan Self-Care Behaviour yang baik meningkatkan probabilitas kadar HbA1cterkontrol 9,1 kali (95% CI 4,94–16,7) dibanding skor kurang baik. Komponenkomunikasi, sikap, dan pembiayaan tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan. Tingkatpendidikan dan riwayat DMT2 di keluarga berhubungan dengan tingkat keseluruhan SelfCare Behaviour dan dengan kontrol kadar HbA1c.Kesimpulan: Aspek perilaku self-care pada penyandang DMT2 mempunyai dampaksubstansial dan signifikan terhadap kontrol glikemik yang dimiliki penyandang.
Kata kunci: Self-Care Behaviour, Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Kontrol Glikemik, Kadar HbA1c


Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 10.7 million individuals inIndonesia and ranks among the top three non-communicable diseases leading to death.Most of mortality result from complications initiated by inadequate glycemic control,associated with multifactorial aspects such as sociodemographic characteristics andindividual self-care behaviour. This study aims to explore the relationship betweenglycemic control levels in individuals with T2DM and their sociodemographiccharacteristics and self-care behavior.Method: This study is a cross-sectional study utilizing previously collected secondarydata from the Non-Communicable Disease Cohort in Bogor 2021 Data were collectedusing a validated Self-Care Behaviour questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia, along withprimary data of HbA1c levels and respondent socio-characteristics. The study populationconsisted of individuals with T2DM from five primary healthcare facilities in Bogor city.The samples were analyzed using Chi-Square test and risk calculation.Result: The research analysis included 237 respondents, consisting of 90 elderly (38%)and 147 adults respondents (62%). The respondents were predominantly female, with 171respondents (72.2%) compared to 66 male respondants (27.8%). A total of 149respondents (62.9%) exhibited good Self-Care Behaviour scores. Approximately 134respondents (56.6%) maintained controlled HbA1c levels. Four out of seven Self-CareBehaviour components—knowledge, motivation, support, and efficacy—were associatedwith glycemic control (p < 0.001). Efficacy identified as the most influential predictor forcontrolled HbA1c levels (odds ratio [OR]: 9.7, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.27–17.67). An overall good Self-Care Behaviour score is associated with a 9.1 -fold increasedprobability of achieving controlled HbA1c levels (95% CI 4.94–16.7) compared to groupwith poor score. Self-Care Behaviour components of communication, attitude, andfinancing were not signicifantly associated. Education level and a family history ofT2DM were associated with overall Self-Care Behaviour and with HbA1c control.
Keywords: Self-Care Behaviour, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic Control, HbA1c level.