Tesis

Analisis Gangguan Nyeri Punggung Atas dan Bawah Serta Faktor yang Berhubungan Pada Terapis Kecantikan Wajah = Analysis of Upper and Lower Back Pain Disorders and Associated Factors in The Face Beauty Therapists.

Latar Belakang: Nyeri punggung merupakan salah satu keluhan muskuloskeletal yang sering dialami terapis kecantikan wajah akibat postur tubuh yang canggung ( awkward posture), gerakan berulang dan posisi berdiri lama, durasi kerja panjang serta kurangnya istirahat. Penelitian berkaitan dengan faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap timbulnya gangguan nyeri punggung atas dan bawah pada terapis kecantikan saat ini masih minim sementara sektor industri klinik kecantikan terus berkembang. Metode: Penelitian cross sectional multisenter dilakukan pada 130 orang terapis di 15 cabang Klinik Kecantikan X di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi selama Agustus-September 2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri, serta penilaian postur menggunakan aplikasi AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System (APECS) yang hasilnya diinput ke lembar penilaian REBA dan RULA. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, dan Fisher menggunakan JASP 0.19.0. Hasil: Prevalensi nyeri punggung atas dan bawah pada responden adalah sebesar 84,62% (110 orang). Faktor individu (usia, IMT) tidak berhubungan signifikan. Faktor pekerjaan yaitu jumlah klien, durasi kerja, masa kerja, prolonged sitting, tingkat risiko ergonomi anggota tubuh bagian atas berhubungan signifikan (p < 0,001), sedangkan prolonged standing (p=0,49), gangguan kesehatan mental (p=0,028), dan tingkat risiko ergonomi seluruh tubuh (p=0,36) tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan nyeri punggung atas dan bawah. Kesimpulan: Nyeri punggung atas dan bawah pada terapis kecantikan wajah lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor pekerjaan dibandingkan faktor individu. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya penyesuaian aspek kerja untuk mencegah keluhan muskuloskeletal. Saran: Diperlukan intervensi ergonomi berupa penyesuaian tinggi tempat tidur dan kursi, pengaturan jadwal kerja dan istirahat, peregangan tubuh, pemeliharaan kebugaran tubuh, kesadaran terhadap tanda awal nyeri, pelatihan dan edukasi terkait postur kerja yang benar, serta pemantauan kesehatan pekerja.
Kata kunci: ergonomi, nyeri punggung, REBA, RULA, terapis kecantikan wajah.


Background: Back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints experienced by facial beauty therapists due to awkward postures, repetitive movements, prolonged standing, long working hours, and insufficient rest. Research on factors contributing to upper and lower back pain among beauty therapists remains limited, while the beauty clinic industry continues to grow rapidly. Method: A multicenter cross sectional study was conducted among 130 therapists from 15 branches of Beauty Clinic X in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi during August-September 2025. Data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and posture assessments using the AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System (APECS). The results were entered into the REBA and RULA assessment sheets. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and Fisher tests with JASP 0.19.0 software. Results: The prevalence of upper and lower back pain among respondents was 84.62% (110 individuals). Individual factors such as age and body mass index (BMI) were not significantly associated. Occupational factors, including number of clients, working duration, years of service, prolonged sitting, and upper limb ergonomic risk level, showed a significant association (p < 0.001). In contrast, prolonged standing (p=0,49), mental health disorders (p=0,028), and whole-body ergonomic risk level (p=0,36) were not significantly associated with upper and lower back pain. Conclusion: Upper and lower back pain in facial beauty therapists is primarily associated with occupational factors rather than individual factors, highlighting the importance of workplace adjustments to prevent musculoskeletal complaints. Suggestions : Ergonomic interventions are required, including adjustment of bed and chair height, work and rest schedule management, regular stretching, maintenance of physical fitness, awareness of early pain symptoms, training and education on proper working posture, and regular health monitoring for workers.
Keywords: back pain, ergonomics, facial beauty therapist, REBA, RULA.