Tesis

Perbandingan Efek Latihan Fisik Daring Versus Luring Terhadap Perubahan Berat Badan, Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi dan Tingkat Kepatuhan Latihan pada Pegawai Kantor dengan Kelebihan Berat Badan = Comparison of The Effects of Online Versus Offline Exercise on The Changes of Body Weight, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Exercise Adherence in Overweight and Obese Office Workers.

Angka obesitas pada orang dewasa di dunia serta di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan pesat. Pegawai kantor merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rentan mengalami permasalahan kelebihan berat badan. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh pemberian program latihan fisik daring terhadap perubahan berat badan, kebugaran kardiorespirasi dan tingkat kepatuhan latihan pada pegawai kantor dengan permasalahan kelebihan berat badan. Penelitian menggunakan studi longitudinal dengan memakai desain uji klinis acak terkontrol. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan program latihan fisik daring kombinasi latihan mandiri dan tersupervisi 8 minggu, sedangkan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan program latihan fisik luring tidak tersupervisi 8 minggu. Pemeriksaan dilakukan pada minggu ke-0 dan ke-9 mencakup pemeriksaan kebugaran kardiorespirasi dan antropometri. Tingkat kepatuhan diukur berdasarkan persentase subjek melakukan latihan. Sebanyak 30 pegawai dari beberapa kantor berpartisipasi, 20 orang (66,7%) mayoritas perempuan. Terjadi penurunan berat badan dengan perbedaan rerata pada kelompok intervensi 0,90 (IK 95%: −2,01 – 0,21) kg dan kelompok kontrol 0,94 (IK 95%: −2,15 – 0,27) kg, namun tidak signifikan (p > 0,05). Perbedaan rerata nilai penurunan berat badan antara dua kelompok -0,04 (IK 95%: −1 ,586 – 1,506) kg, tidak signifikan p = 0,095. Terjadi perubahan kebugaran kardiorespirasi pada kelompok intervensi dengan perbedaan rerata -0,25 (IK 95%: -1,32 – 0,82) mL/kg/menit namun tidak signifikan p > 0,05 dan kelompok kontrol -0,267 (IK 95%: -1,33 – 0,001) mL/kg/menit, nilai p = 0,05. Perbedaan rerata perubahan VO₂max antara kedua kelompok -0,417 (IK 95%: −1,54 – 0,70) mL/kg/menit juga tidak berbeda signifikan secara statistik (p = 0,440). Rerata tingkat kepatuhan latihan kelompok intervensi 36,98% ± 26,86 tidak berbeda signifikan secara statistik (p = 0,283). Median tingkat kepatuhan latihan 16,67% (RIK 42,71%) untuk kelompok kontrol, signifikan secara statistik dengan nilai p = 0,005. Tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan yang bermakna secara statistik pada kedua kelompok selama intervensi latihan 8 minggu (U = 27,00; p > 0,05). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian awal dan memerlukan studi lanjutan dengan durasi intervensi yang lebih panjang dan mempertimbangkan variabel lain seperti balans energi harian, stres kerja, faktor psikologis, self-efficacy dan tingkat kesenangan latihan, namun dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai strategi promosi kesehatan pada pegawai kantor dalam corporate wellness program.
Kata kunci: latihan fisik daring, kelebihan berat badan, obesitas, kebugaran kardiorespirasi, tingkat kepatuhan latihan fisik, pegawai kantor


The prevalence of obesity among adults worldwide, including in Indonesia, has increased rapidly. Office workers are particularly vulnerable to overweight and obesity. This study aimed to examine the effects of an online supervised physical exercise program on changes in body weight, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise adherence among office workers with overweight and obesity. This study is a longitudinal study using a randomized controlled clinical trial design. The intervention group received an 8 weeks online independent and supervised exercise program, while the control group received an 8 weeks offline unsupervised exercise program. Assessments were conducted at week 0 and week 9, including measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness and anthropometric parameters. A total of 30 office workers from several offices participated, the 20 participants (66.7%) were female. A reduction in body weight was observed in both groups. The mean difference was 0.90 kg in the intervention group (95% CI: −2.01 to 0.21 kg) and 0.94 kg in the control group (95% CI: −2.15 to 0.27 kg); however, these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean difference in weight reduction between the two groups -0,04 (95% CI: −1,586 – 1,506 kg), was not statistically significant (p = 0.095). Cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups. The mean difference was -0,25 (CI 95%: -1,32 – 0,82) mL/kg/menit but not significant (p > 0,005) and control group -0,267 (CI 95%: -1,33 – 0,001) mL/kg/min, nilai p = 0,05. Furthermore, the mean difference of VO₂max between the two groups -0,417 (IK 95%: −1,54 – 0,70) mL/kg/min, not statistically significant (p = 0.440). The mean exercise adherence in the intervention group was 36.98% ± 26.86 not differ significantly (p = 0.283). In the control group, the median exercise adherence was 16.67% (IQR: 42.71%), significant with a pvalue 0.005. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in exercise adherence between the two groups throughout the 8-week exercise intervention (Mann– Whitney U = 27.00; p > 0.05). This study is a preliminary one and requires further research with a longer intervention duration and consideration of additional variables such as daily energy balance, work-related stress, psychological factors, self-efficacy, and exercise enjoyment. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that online exercise programs can be considered as a potential health promotion strategy in corporate wellness program for office workers.
Key words: online exercise, overweight, obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise adherence, office worker