Tesis

Gambaran Faktor Individual dan Pelatihan serta Hubungannya dengan Status Gizi Atlet Remaja Potensial Nasional: Studi Deskriptif Analitik = Overview of Individual, and Training Factors, and Their Relationship to the Nutritional Status of Potential National Youth Athletes: A Descriptive Analytical Study.

Status gizi yang baik diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya malnutrisi, mencapai tumbuh kembang dan performa optimal seorang atlet. Terdapat beberapa faktor, mulai dari dalam diri atlet (individual/ individual), sampai dengan faktor pelatihan terkait pelatihan, dikatakan berhubungan dengan status gizi atlet remaja. Namun demikian, faktor-faktor tersebut masih perlu diidentifikasi kembali dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Status gizi pada atlet CYATC diharapkan dapat memperlihatkan gambaran kondisi status gizi atlet remaja potensial tertinggi di tingkat nasional, dan sekaligus dasar strategi bagi sentra pembinaan olahraga prestasi di Indonesia di dalam mencapai gizi yang baik untuk atlet remaja potensialnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gambaran faktor individual (individual), dan pelatihan (pelatihan), serta hubungannya dengan status gizi atlet remaja potensial nasional. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) pada 71 dari 97 atlet remaja berusia 1 2 – 18 tahun dari seluruh cabang olahraga unggulan olimpiade di CYATC. Penelitian berlangsung dua periode yaitu 12-19 November 2025 (diikuti 60 atlet), dan 19-26 November 2025 (diikuti 11 atlet). Variabel independen meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, tahap pubertas, total asupan energi, total asupan karbohidrat, total asupan lemak, total asupan protein, tingkat aktivitas fisik, dan durasi tidur sebagai faktor individual, serta fase periodisasi, dan cabang olahraga sebagai faktor pelatihan. Variabel dependen meliputi status gizi, baik berdasarkan IMT/U maupun BFP. Penelitian menggunakan analisis univariat untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor individual dan pelatihan secara deskriptif; analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi Pearson (sebaran data normal), atau Spearman (sebaran data tidak normal). Pada data kategorik 2 kelompok tidak berpasangan – numerik menggunakan uji T-Test Independent, dan apabila tidak normal dilakukan uji Mann- Whitney. Pada data kategorik > 2 kelompok tidak berpasangan – numerik, dengan uji Anova diikuti dengan Post Hoc Bonferonni (sebaran data normal), atau uji Kruskall-Wallis (sebaran data tidak normal). Terakhir melakukan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi linear multiple. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IMT/U (Z-Score) berkorelasi positif lemah dan signifikan dengan BFP, begitupula sebaliknya. Model regresi linier multiple mampu menjelaskan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor individual dan pelatihan dengan status gizi berdasarkan BFP (p = 0,005, adjusted R Square = 0,391, R Square = 0,488) pada atlet remaja potensial nasional, dimana jenis kelamin merupakan faktor prediktor yang paling signifikan (p < 0,001). Faktor individual dan pelatihan tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U (p=0,085, adjusted R Square = 0,053, R Square = 0,093). Terdapat beberapa keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini, terutama terkait bias pengukuran tingkat aktivitas fisik dan bias recall intake kalori sehingga interpretasi perlu dilakukan secara hati-hati.
Kata kunci: Atlet Remaja, Cibubur Youth Athlete Training Centre, Faktor Pelatihan, Faktor Individual, Status Gizi


Good nutritional status is necessary to prevent malnutrition, achieve optimal growth and performance for an athlete. Several factors, ranging from individual/individual factors to external factors related to training, are said to be related to the nutritional status of adolescent athletes. However, these factors still need to be re-identified and further analyzed. The nutritional status of CYATC athletes is expected to provide a picture of the nutritional status of the highest potential national youth athletes, as well as a strategic basis for high-achieving sports development centers in Indonesia in achieving good nutrition for their potential youth athletes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the overview of individual (individual) and external (training) factors, and their relationship to the nutritional status of potential youth athletes nationally. This study is a crosssectional study of 71 of 97 adolescent athletes aged 12-18 years from all leading Olympic sports at CYATC. The study took place in two periods: November 12-19, 2025 (participated by 60 athletes), and November 19-26, 2025 (participated by 11 athletes). Independent variables include age, gender, puberty stage, total energy intake, total carbohydrate intake, total fat intake, total protein intake, physical activity level, and sleep duration as individual factors, as well as periodization phase, and sport as external factors. Dependent variables include nutritional status, both based on BMI/Age and BFP. The study used univariate analysis to obtain a descriptive picture of individual and external factors; bivariate analysis with Pearson correlation test (normal data distribution), or Spearman (non-normal data distribution). For categorical data with 2 unpaired groups numeric using Independent T-Test, and if not normal is performed Mann-Whitney test. For categorical data > 2 unpaired groups - numeric, with ANOVA test followed by Post Hoc Bonferonni (normal data distribution), or Kruskall-Wallis test (non-normal data distribution). Finally, multivariate analysis was conducted with multiple linear regression test. The results showed that BMI/A (Z-Score) has a weak and significant positive correlation with BFP, and vice versa. The multiple linear regression model was able to explain that there is a relationship between individual and external factors with nutritional status based on BFP (p = 0.005, adjusted R Square = 0.391, R Square = 0.488) in potential national adolescent athletes, where gender is the most significant predictor factor (p < 0.001). Individual and external factors are not related to nutritional status based on BMI/A (p = 0.085, adjusted R Square = 0.053, R Square = 0.093). There are several limitations in this study, especially related to measurement bias of physical activity levels and recall bias of calorie intake so that interpretation needs to be done carefully.
Key words: Adolescent Athletes, Cibubur Youth Athlete Training Center, External Factors, Individual Factors, Nutritional Status