Skripsi

The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Acalypha indica L. extract on Kidney TNF-α Level in D-Galactose Age-Induced Swiss-Webster Male Mice = Efek Anti-Inflamasi Ekstrak Acalypha Indica L. terhadap Kadar TNF-α Ginjal pada Mencit Jantan Swiss-Webster yang Diinduksi Penuaan D-Galaktosa.

Introduction Aging leads to molecular, structural, and functional changes, particularly affecting the kidneys. This decline in renal function, exacerbated by aging, increases susceptibility to renal disorders such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation is a significant risk factor for CKD progression, and exploring alternative anti-inflammatory treatments is crucial. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of Acalypha indica L. (AI) extract on kidney TNF-α levels in D-galactose age-induced Swiss-Webster male mice. Method Swiss-Webster male mice were divided into six groups and treated for six weeks, consisting of a normal group, a negative control group with D-galactose age induction, and experimental groups that received daily oral D-galactose (150 mg/kgBW) with intraperitoneal AI phytosome (100 & 200 mg/kgBW), AI extract (400 mg/kgBW), and Vitamin E (100 mg/kgBW) every 2 days. Kidney TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA, and protein levels were determined using the Bradford method. Results A total of 15 mice from 3 groups (normal, negative control, AI phytosome 200 mg/kgBW) were analyzed. Kidney TNF-α levels among these groups did not differ significantly (ANOVA, p = 0.4430). D-Galactose induction increased TNF-α levels in the negative control group (27.59 ± 13.88 ng/mg) compared to the normal group (17.93 ± 7.31 ng/mg), and administration of AI phytosome 200 mg/kgBW slightly reduced TNF-α levels to 26.19 ± 14.93 ng/mg. Conclusion Although no significant differences were found, this study indicates that D-galactose age induction increases kidney TNF-α levels in the samples. Administration of AI phytosome slightly reduced kidney TNF-α levels, but this reduction was not significant.
Keywords: Acalypha indica L., Aging, D-Galactose, Inflammation, Kidney, TNF-α


Latar Belakang Penuaan menyebabkan perubahan molekuler, struktural, dan fungsional, terutama mempengaruhi ginjal. Penurunan fungsi ginjal yang diperburuk oleh penuaan meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap gangguan ginjal seperti penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK). Peradangan adalah faktor risiko signifikan untuk progresi PGK, dan eksplorasi pengobatan anti-inflamasi alternatif sangat penting. Penelitian ini menyelidiki efek antiinflamasi ekstrak Acalypha indica L. (AI) pada tingkat TNF-α ginjal pada mencit jantan Swiss-Webster yang diinduksi penuaan dengan D-galaktosa. Metode Mencit jantan Swiss-Webster dibagi menjadi enam kelompok yang dirawat selama enam minggu, terdiri dari kelompok normal, kelompok kontrol negatif yang diinduksi penuaannya dengan D-galaktosa, dan kelompok eksperimental yang menerima Dgalaktosa oral harian (150 mg/kgBB) dengan AI fitosom intraperitoneal (100 & 200 mg/kgBB), ekstrak AI (400 mg/kgBB) dan Vitamin E (100 mg/kgBB) setiap 2 hari. Kadar TNF-α ginjal diukur menggunakan ELISA, dan kadar protein ditentukan menggunakan metode Bradford. Hasil Sebanyak 15 mencit dari 3 kelompok (normal, kontrol negatif, AI fitosom 200mg/kgBB) telah dianalisis. Kadar TNF-α ginjal di antara kelompok-kelompok tersebut tidak berbeda bermakna (ANOVA, p = 0,4430). Induksi D-Galaktosa meningkatkan kadar TNF-α pada kelompok kontrol negatif (27,59 ± 13,88 ng/mg) dibandingkan dengan kelompok normal (17,93 ± 7,31 ng/mg), dan pemberian AI fitosom 200 mg/kgBB sedikit mengurangi tingkat TNF-α menjadi 26,19 ± 14,93 ng/mg. Kesimpulan Meskipun tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa induksi penuaan D-galaktosa meningkatkan kadar TNF-α ginjal pada sampel. Pemberian AI Fitosom sedikit mengurangi kadar TNF-α ginjal namun tidak bermakna.
Kata Kunci: Acalypha indica L., D-Galaktosa, Ginjal, Inflamasi, Penuaan, TNF-α