Skripsi

Risiko Interaksi Obat Herbal dan Obat Konvensional pada Pasien Wisata Kesehatan Jamu Kalibakung, Kabupaten Tegal = The Risk of Interactions between Herbal and Conventional Drugs in Patients Visiting the Kalibakung Herbal Health Tourism Center, Tegal, Central Java.

Latar Belakang: Penggunaan obat herbal di Indonesia terus berkembang seiring meningkatnya kepercayaan masyarakat serta dukungan pemerintah terhadap pelayanan kesehatan tradisional. Salah satu bentuk dukungan tersebut adalah Wisata Kesehatan Jamu (WKJ) Kalibakung, fasilitas pengobatan herbal milik pemerintah daerah yang menyediakan terapi sesuai standar dan pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan. Dalam praktiknya, banyak pasien menggunakan obat herbal bersamaan dengan obat konvensional, sehingga menimbulkan potensi interaksi yang dapat memengaruhi efektivitas dan keamanan pengobatan. Meski demikian, informasi mengenai risiko interaksi tersebut di fasilitas herbal seperti WKJ masih terbatas, sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai keamanannya bagi pasien. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional deskriptif dilakukan pada pasien WKJ Kalibakung, Kabupaten Tegal, Juni–Oktober 2025. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner terstruktur yang mencakup karakteristik responden, penggunaan obat herbal dan konvensional, serta potensi interaksinya. Hasil: Sebanyak 102 responden; 52,9% perempuan dan mayoritas berusia 46–65 tahun (68,6%). Jamu merupakan jenis herbal terbanyak (95,3%) dengan bentuk simplisia (83,5%). Keluhan terbanyak adalah hipertensi (13,1%) dan diabetes melitus (8,4%), dengan alasan lebih alami (23,6%), lebih aman (23,0%), dan minim efek samping (21,0%). Sebanyak 53,9% responden menggunakan kombinasi herbal dan konvensional. Dari 332 kombinasi yang dianalisis, 55,7% termasuk kategori tidak ada interaksi (karena keterbatasan literatur), 28,0% potensial merugikan, 13,6% menguntungkan, dan 2,7% tidak ada interaksi murni. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar kombinasi tergolong aman, meskipun banyak berada pada kategori dengan keterbatasan literatur. Kombinasi yang berpotensi merugikan tetap memerlukan pemantauan klinis, sementara kombinasi yang menguntungkan dapat memberikan efek sinergis bila digunakan secara tepat.
Kata kunci: obat herbal, obat konvensional, interaksi obat


Background: The use of herbal medicine in Indonesia continues to grow in line with increasing public trust and government support for traditional health services. One form of this support is the Kalibakung Herbal Health Tourism (WKJ) Center, a government-owned facility that provides herbal therapy based on established standards and guidelines of the Ministry of Health. In practice, many patients use herbal medicine alongside conventional drugs, creating the potential for interactions that may affect the effectiveness and safety of treatment. However, information regarding these interaction risks in herbal facilities such as WKJ remains limited. Therefore, research is needed to provide an overview of patient safety in this setting. Methods: A quantitative study with a descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted among patients at WKJ Kalibakung, Tegal Regency, from June to October 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering respondent characteristics, use of herbal and conventional medicines, and potential interactions between them. Results: A total of 102 respondents participated; 52.9% were female, and most were aged 46–65 years (68.6%). Jamu was the most commonly used herbal product (95.3%), predominantly in simplicia form (83.5%). The most frequent complaints were hypertension (13.1%) and diabetes mellitus (8.4%), with reasons for herbal use including being more natural (23.6%), safer (23.0%), and having fewer side effects (21.0%). A total of 53.9% of respondents used a combination of herbal and conventional medicines. Of the 332 combinations analyzed, 55.7% were classified as having no interaction (due to limited literature), 28.0% as potentially harmful, 13.6% as beneficial, and 2.7% as having no interaction based on established evidence. Conclusion: Most combinations were categorized as safe, although many fell into the category with limited literature support. Potentially harmful combinations require clinical monitoring, while beneficial combinations may provide synergistic effects when used appropriately.
Keywords: herbal medicine, conventional medicine, drug interaction