Skripsi

BIODIVERSITAS DAN KONSENTRASI JAMUR DARI UDARA SERTA KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INTENSIF = BIODIVERSITY AND CONCENTRATION OF FUNGI FROM THE AIR ALONG WITH PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS.

Latar Belakang: Kejadian infeksi jamur (mikosis) dilaporkan makin meningkat secara global. Pasien dengan gangguan sistem imun, termasuk pasien sakit kritis yang dirawat di ruang rawat intensif, berisiko lebih tinggi untuk terinfeksi jamur. Keberadaan jamur di udara ruang rawat intensifdapat meningkatkan risiko mikosis invasifyang memperburuk kondisi pasien. Perbedaan kondisi ruangan dan pasien dapat menyebabkan perbedaan risiko infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biodiversitas dan konsentrasi jamur dari udara ruang rawat intensif serta potensi risiko kesehatan yang berkenaan dengan karakteristik klinis dari pasien sakit kritis. Metode: Pengambilan sampel jamur dari udara dilakukan dengan metode pasifgravitasional di ruang intensive care unit (ICU) dan respiratory ICU (RICU). Selanjutnya, dilakukan prosedur kultur jamur dan diamati pertumbuhannya untuk menentukan distribusi spesies dan konsentrasi jamur. Analisis biodiversitas dilakukan berdasarkan insidensi spesies jamur dari setiap ruangan. Perbandingan karakteristik klinis juga dilakukan antara pasien yang dirawat di ICU dan RICU. Hasil: Biodiversitas jamur dari ICU lebih tinggi, sedangkan komunitas jamur dari RICU lebih merata. Konsentrasi jamur hasil analisis sensitivitas dari ICU lebih tinggi dari RICU. Walau begitu, perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan secara statistik. Beberapa karakteristik pasien menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p < 0,05) antara ICU dan RICU, yaitu lama rawat inap total, penggunaan kortikosteroid, kadar albumin, serta kejadian pneumonia, tuberkulosis aktif, dan kondisi pascaoperasi. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada biodiversitas dan konsentrasi jamur antara ICU dan RICU. Sejumlah karakteristik pasien menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara ICU dan RICU yang berpotensi menjadi faktor risiko infeksi jamur.
Kata Kunci: Biodiversitas, infeksi jamur, konsentrasi jamur udara, ruang rawat intensif.


Introduction: Fungal infections (mycoses) are reportedly increasing worldwide. Immunocompromised patients, including critically ill patients treated in intensive care units (ICU), are at a higher risk ofsuch infections. The presence of fungi in the indoor air of ICUs may increase the risk of invasive mycoses. Differences in patient and room conditions may cause different risks of infections. This study aimed to determine the biodiversity and concentration of fungi from the air of ICUs along with their potential health risks concerning the clinical characteristics of critically ill patients. Method: Airborne fungal samples were collected using the passive gravitational method in the ICU and respiratory ICU (RICU). Fungal culture procedures were performed and fungal growth was observed in order to determine the species distribution and fungal concentration. Incidence-based fungal diversity analysis was also conducted. Clinical characteristics of patients were compared between those treated in the ICU and RICU. Result: ICU showed higher fungal biodiversities, while RICU showed a more even fungal community. Sensitivity analysis resulted in higher fungal concentrations from the ICU. However, those differences were not statistically significant. Several patient characteristics showed significant differences (p < 0,05), including total hospital length of stay, corticosteroid use, albumin level, and incidence of pneumonia, active tuberculosis, and post-operative condition. Conclusion: No significant differences were found in fungal biodiversity and concentration between the ICU and RICU. Several patient characteristics showed significant differences between the ICU and RICU, potentially acting as risk factors for fungal infections.
Keywords: Airborne fungal concentration, biodiversity, fungal infection, intensive care unit.