Tesis

Korelasi antara Skor Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index dengan Appendicular Skeletal Mass Index dan Kekuatan Genggam Tangan pada Pasien Lanjut Usia = Correlation Between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index in Elderly Outpatients.

Pendahuluan : Penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot merupakan masalah utama pada lansia dan berkaitan erat dengan risiko disabilitas, frailty, serta mortalitas. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) merupakan indikator risiko gizi yang banyak digunakan pada geriatri dan diduga berhubungan dengan massa serta fungsi otot. Namun, bukti mengenai hubungan GNRI dengan Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMI) dan kekuatan genggam tangan (KGT) pada subjek lansia Indonesia masih terbatas. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 74 lansia rawat jalan di Poliklinik Terpadu Geriatri RSCM. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik subjek, skor GNRI, ASMI menggunakan BIA, serta KGT menggunakan dinamometer. Analisis korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara GNRI dengan ASMI dan KGT. Hasil: Rerata GNRI subjek adalah 108,8 ± 6,2 dan seluruh peserta memiliki kadar albumin normal. Seluruh subjek memiliki ASMI rendah (3,9 ± 0,7 kg/m²), sedangkan 52,7% memiliki KGT rendah. Ditemukan korelasi lemah tetapi bermakna antara GNRI dan ASMI (r = 0,255; p < 0,05). Namun, tidak ditemukan korelasi antara GNRI dan KGT (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: GNRI berkorelasi lemah namun signifikan dengan massa otot apendikular tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan kekuatan genggam tangan pada lansia rawat jalan. GNRI berpotensi digunakan sebagai indikator awal risiko penurunan massa otot, namun tidak menggantikan penilaian fungsi otot secara langsung.
Kata kunci: GNRI, ASMI, kekuatan genggam tangan, lansia


Background: Loss of muscle mass and strength is a major health problem among older adults and is strongly associated with increased risks of disability, frailty, and mortality. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a widely used indicator of nutritional risk in geriatric populations and is hypothesized to be associated with muscle mass and function. However, evidence regarding the relationship between GNRI, Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMI), and handgrip strength (HGS) in Indonesian older adults remains limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 74 outpatient older adults at the Integrated Geriatric Clinic, RSCM. Collected data included subject characteristics, GNRI scores, ASMI measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and HGS assessed using a hand dynamometer. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between GNRI, ASMI, and HGS. Results: The mean GNRI was 108.8 ± 6.2, and all participants had normal serum albumin levels. All subjects exhibited low ASMI (3.9 ± 0.7 kg/m²), while 52.7% had low handgrip strength. A weak but significant correlation was found between GNRI and ASMI (r = 0.255; p < 0.05). In contrast, GNRI showed no correlation with handgrip strength (p > 0.05). Conclusion: GNRI demonstrates a weak yet significant association with appendicular muscle mass but is not related to handgrip strength in communitydwelling older adults. GNRI may serve as an initial indicator of reduced muscle mass but cannot replace direct assessments of muscle function.
Keywords: GNRI, ASMI, handgrip strength, older adults