Skripsi

Aktivitas Sitotoksik Nanopartikel Kitosan Eugenol Sebagai Inhibitor Pertumbuhan Sel Line Kanker Kolorektal Ht-29 Dengan Uji Mtt.

Latar Belakang Kanker merupakan penyakit penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia yaitu 9,7 juta kematian. Kanker kolorektal memiliki insidensi terbanyak ketiga di dunia, setelah kanker paru-paru dan kanker payudara, yaitu 1,9 juta kasus baru dan terus meningkat 1%-2% per tahun. Tatalaksana kanker kolorektal saat ini berupa terapi multimodalitas, tetapi masih terdapat banyak kekurangan. Eugenol dapat menjadi alternatif terapi karena memiliki beberapa manfaat, salah satunya antikanker, namun eugenol memiliki beberapa keterbatasan seperti bioavailabilitas rendah. Salah satu solusinya dengan sintesis eugenol dalam bentuk nanopartikel dengan polimer kitosan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis nanopartikel eugenol dengan metode emulsifikasi dan gelasi ionik menggunakan kitosan, dan melakukan analisis in vitro aktivitas sitotoksik dan statistika nanopartikel eugenol-kitosan, eugenol bebas, dan nanopartikel kitosan terhadap sel HT- 29 dengan MTT assay. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental. Nanopartikel eugenol-kitosan disintesis, selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi nanopartikel eugenol kitosan. Analisis aktivitas sitotoksik dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan sel HT-29 secara in vitro lalu diuji dengan sampel nanopartikel eugenol-kitosan, eugenol bebas, nanopartikel kitosan, dan Doxorubicin dengan MTT assay. Berdasarkan hasil MTT assay, didapatkan nilai IC50 dari persamaan regresi linear. Hasil Nanopartikel eugenol-kitosan, eugenol bebas, nanopartikel kitosan, dan Doxorubicin memiliki IC50 berturut-turut 350 µg/mL, 58,2 µg/mL, 363 µg/mL, dan 1,68 µg/mL. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara eugenol bebas dengan Doxorubicin, sementara kelompok varian lain tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan Eugenol bebas menunjukan aktivitas sitotoksik yang lebih baik dibandingkan nanopartikel eugenol-kitosan dan nanopartikel kitosan.
Kata Kunci: Eugenol, Kanker Kolorektal, Nanopartikel Eugenol Kitosan, Sitotoksik


Introduction Cancer remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 9.7 million deaths annually. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy after lung and breast cancer, with an incidence of 1.9 million new cases and an annual increase of 1%–2%. Current therapeutic approaches rely on multimodality regimens; however, significant limitations persist. Eugenol has emerged as a potential alternative therapeutic agent due to its broad pharmacological properties, including anticancer activity. Nonetheless, its clinical application is hindered by poor bioavailability. Nanoparticle formulation using chitosan polymers offers a promising strategy to overcome this drawback. This study aimed to synthesize chitosan-based eugenol nanoparticles via emulsification and ionic gelation methods and to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells using the MTT assay. Method An experimental study design was employed. Chitosan-eugenol nanoparticles were synthesized and subsequently characterized. Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro by exposing cultured HT-29 cells to chitosan-eugenol nanoparticles, free eugenol, chitosan nanoparticles, and doxorubicin. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability, and IC50 values were calculated through linear regression analysis. Results The IC50 values of chitosan-eugenol nanoparticles, free eugenol, chitosan nanoparticles, and doxorubicin were 350 µg/mL, 58.2 µg/mL, 363 µg/mL, and 1.68 µg/mL, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between free eugenol and doxorubicin, whereas no significant differences were identified among the other groups. Conclusion Free eugenol exhibited superior cytotoxic activity compared to chitosan-eugenol nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles, highlighting its potential as an anticancer agent for colorectal cancer, although further optimization of nanoparticle formulations is warranted.
Keywords: Eugenol, Colorectal Cancer, Chitosan-Eugenol Nanoparticles, Cytotoxic