Skripsi

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Masalah Perilaku Emosional pada Anak Prasekolah Usia 36 – 72 Bulan di Kampung Melayu = Risk Factors Associated with Emotional and Behavioral Problems among Preschool Children Aged 36–72 Months in Kampung Melayu.

Latar Belakang Masalah perilaku emosional pada anak dapat berlanjut menjadi gangguan kejiwaan saat dewasa. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan adanya faktor risiko internal (jenis kelamin, riwayat kelahiran prematur, dan status perkembangan) dan faktor eksternal (pola asuh, tingkat pendidikan ibu, serta sosioekonomi). Metode Desain penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang dengan 71 sampel anak prasekolah di kelurahan Kampung Melayu. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi KMPE, PSDQ, dan KPSP. Hasil Prevalensi masalah perilaku emosional didapatkan 70,4% (n=50) dan 29,6% (n=21) yang termasuk kategori normal menggunakan Kuesioner Masalah Perilaku Emosional (KMPE). Ditemukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara masalah perilaku emosional dengan jenis kelamin (p = 0,623), riwayat prematur (p = 0,163), tingkat pendidikan ibu (p = 0,450), status sosioekonomi (p = 0,469), dan pola asuh orang tua (p = 0,884). Status perkembangan memiliki hubungan terhadap masalah perilaku emosional sebanyak 93,8% anak berkategori kemungkinan menyimpang atau meragukan memiliki masalah perilaku emosional (OR = 8.57; p = 0.020). Kesimpulan Anak prasekolah dengan gangguan perkembangan memiliki risiko sembilan kali lebih tinggi mengalami masalah perilaku emosional sehingga perlu pemantauan rutin dan skrining berkala masalah perilaku emosional anak prasekolah setiap tiga sampai enam bulan sekali.
Kata Kunci: anak prasekolah, faktor risiko, masalah perilaku emosional, status perkembangan


Introduction Emotional and behavioral problems in childhood can develop into mental disorders in adulthood. Previous studies have examined several risk factors, such as internal factors (gender, history of premature birth, and developmental status) and external factors (parenting styles, parental education level, and socioeconomic status). Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 preschool children in Kampung Melayu. Data were collected using the KMPE, PSDQ, and KPSP instruments, along with respondents’ background information. Results The prevalence of emotional behavioral problems was 70.4% (n=50) and 29.6% (n=21) considered normal using the Kuesioner Masalah Perilaku Emosional (KMPE). No significant association was found between these problems and gender (p = 0.623), history of prematurity (p = 0.163), maternal education level (p = 0.450), socioeconomic status (p = 0.469), and parenting style (p = 0.884). However, developmental status showed a significant relationship, with 93.8% of children categorized as possibly deviant or doubtful having developmental delay (OR = 8.57; p = 0.020). Conclusion Preschool children with developmental delays were nine times more likely to experience emotional behavioral problems, indicating the need for regular monitoring and screening of preschool children's emotional behavioral problems every three to six months.
Keywords: preschoolers, risk factors, emotional behavioral disorder, developmental status