Skripsi

Stunting Prevalence and Underlying Diseases in Children Aged 1-24 Months Admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital During Year 2023.

Introduction Stunting, defined as chronic malnutrition causing height for age below -2 standard deviations of WHO’s median child growth standard, remains a global issue with stagnant statistics. As of 2022, the global prevalence of stunting in children under five was 22.3%, while in Indonesia, it was 21.6%. Stunting is multifactorial, with determinants including community and societal factors, household conditions, inadequate complementary feeding, breastfeeding, and infections. Underlying diseases also contribute to stunting, as evidenced by studies indicating high stunting rates in children with congenital heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and chronic liver disease. Method This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, utilizing total sampling ofinpatients aged 1-2 years admitted in 2023. Data on age, weight, height, nutritional status, and underlying diseases were collected from the hospital's electronic patient database and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Results Out of1,409 patients, 647 (45.9%) were stunted. The most common underlying diseases in stunted patients included chronic kidney disease (75.9%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (68.3%), and cow's milk protein allergy (66.7%). Nutritional status analysis revealed that 39.3% of stunted children were underweight non-wasted, while 23% had normal nutritional status. Conclusion The prevalence of stunting among children aged 1 month to 2 years at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2023 was 45.9%. High stunting rates were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and cow's milk protein allergy. Effective management plans for stunting should consider these underlying conditions to mitigate long-term consequences.
Keywords: Stunting, chronic malnutrition, underlying diseases, nutritional status, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital


Latar Belakang Stunting, yaitu malnutrisi kronik yang ditandai dengan tinggi badan menurut umur di bawah -2 standar deviasi (SD) berdasarkan grafik WHO 2006, masih menjadi masalah global dan Indonesia. Pada tahun 2022, prevalensi stunting pada balita adalah 22,3% secara global dan 21,6% di Indonesia, 21,6%. Angka stunting pada tahun 2023 hanya turun 0,1%, menjadi 21,5%. Stunting, disebabkan oleh asupan nutrisi yang kurang dan/atau penyakit medis yang mendasari. Pasien dengan penyakit kronik atau kompleks berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami stunting. Belum ada data prevalens stunting di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, yang merupakan rumah sakit rujukan tersier yang menangani pasien dengan penyakit kompleks. . Metode Penelitian observasional potong lintang ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, dengan menggunakan total sampling pada pasien rawat inap berusia 1 bulan-2 tahun yang dirawat pada tahun 2023. Data usia, berat badan, tinggi badan, status gizi, dan penyakit yang mendasari dikumpulkan dari rekam medis elektronik rumah sakit dan dianalisis menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Hasil Dari 1.409 pasien, 647 (45,9%) mengalami stunting. Penyakit yang sering menyertai pasien stunting antara lain penyakit ginjal kronis (75,9%), penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (68,3%), dan alergi protein susu sapi (66,7%). Analisis status gizi menunjukkan bahwa 39,3% anak stunting memiliki status gizi kurang (BB menurut PB