Skripsi

Gambaran Karakteristik dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Paru pada Pasien Perempuan di RSUP Persahabatan = Overview of the Characteristics and Risk Factors of Lung Cancer in Female Patients at Persahabatan Hospital.

Kanker paru merupakan penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Meskipun prevalensi merokok pada perempuan lebih rendah dibanding lakilaki, insidensi kanker paru pada perempuan terus meningkat, khususnya pada kelompok non-perokok. Faktor risiko non-tembakau, seperti paparan lingkungan, polusi, serta faktor intrinsik genetik dan hormonal, diduga berperan penting. Namun, penelitian yang memberi gambaran karakteristik faktor risiko pada pasien perempuan di Indonesia, terutama di RSUP Persahabatan sebagai rumah sakit rujukan nasional, masih terbatas. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif cross-sectional terhadap 72 pasien perempuan dengan kanker paru yang menjalani perawatan di Poli Onkologi dan One Day Care Kemoterapi RSUP Persahabatan periode Juli–September 2025. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur dan penelusuran rekam medis. Variabel yang dikaji meliputi faktor risiko intrinsik (riwayat penyakit paru, riwayat keluarga) dan ekstrinsik (asap rokok pasif, polusi, keberadaan faktor risiko paparan radon, asap pembakaran, kayu bakar/arang, karsinogen rumah tangga, karsinogen lingkungan kerja). Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Seluruh subjek tidak memiliki riwayat merokok aktif. Paparan yang paling umum adalah karsinogen rumah tangga dan gas radon (100%), asap rokok pasif (40,3%), asap pembakaran (29,2%), serta kayu bakar/arang (12,5%). Adenokarsinoma merupakan jenis histopatologi dominan (81,9%), dengan mayoritas kasus terdiagnosis pada stadium awal (72,2%). Analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak akumulasi faktor risiko, semakin tinggi proporsi pasien yang berada pada stadium lanjut. Kanker paru pada pasien perempuan di RSUP Persahabatan terutama tergolong paparan non-tembakau, dengan adenokarsinoma sebagai subtipe dominan. Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya deteksi dini dan pencegahan berbasis faktor risiko lingkungan dan biologis pada populasi perempuan non-perokok.
Kata kunci: Perempuan, non-perokok, adenokarsinoma, faktor risiko


Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and in Indonesia. Although the prevalence of smoking among women is lower than in men, the incidence of lung cancer in women continues to rise, particularly among non-smokers. Non-tobacco risk factors, such as environmental exposure, pollution, as well as intrinsic genetic and hormonal factors, are suspected to play an important role. However, research providing an overview of risk factors in female patients in Indonesia, particularly at Persahabatan National Hospital as a national referral hospital, remains limited. This descriptive crosssectional study involved 72 female lung cancer patients receiving treatment at the Oncology and One-Day Care Chemotherapy Clinics of Persahabatan Hospital during July–September 2025. Data were obtained through structured interviews and medical record review. The assessed variables included intrinsic risk factors (history of lung disease, family history of cancer) and extrinsic risk factors (passive smoking, air pollution, radon exposure risk, biomass fuel exposure, combustion smoke, household carcinogens, and occupational carcinogens). Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages. None of the subjects had a history of active smoking. The most common exposures were household carcinogens and radon (100%), passive smoking (40.3%), combustion smoke (29.2%), and biomass fuel use (12.5%). Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histopathological subtype (81.9%), with most cases diagnosed at an early stage (72.2%). Analysis further indicated that the accumulation of multiple risk factors was associated with a higher proportion of patients presenting at advanced stages. Lung cancer in female patients at Persahabatan Hospital characteristics was predominantly non-tobacco exposures-related, with adenocarcinoma as the dominant subtype. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and prevention strategies focusing on environmental and biological risk factors in nonsmoking women.
Keywords: Women, non-smoker, adenocarcinoma, risk factors