Skripsi

Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Anredera cordifolia Terhadap Enzim AlfaGlukosidase Secara In Vitro dan In Silico = Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activity of Anredera cordifolia Ethanolic Extract through Alfa-Glucosidase Enzyme: In vitro and In silico Study.

Latar Belakang. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM T2) merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia, ditandai oleh resistensi insulin dan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah. Salah satu target terapi DM T2 adalah penghambatan enzim α- glukosidase yang berperan dalam hidrolisis karbohidrat menjadi glukosa. Penggunaan obat sintetis seperti akarbose sering menimbulkan efek samping gastrointestinal, sehingga diperlukan alternatif alami yang lebih aman. Anredera cordifolia (binahong) merupakan tanaman herbal yang diketahui mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua pendekatan: uji in silico dan in vitro. Studi in silico dilakukan melalui molecular docking menggunakan perangkat lunak AutoDock Vina untuk menilai interaksi antara senyawa aktif Anredera cordifolia (rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, dan kaempferol) dengan protein α-glukosidase. Sementara itu, uji in vitro dilakukan menggunakan α-glukosidase assay kit untuk menentukan persentase inhibisi dan nilai IC₅₀ ekstrak etanol daun binahong terhadap aktivitas enzim tersebut. Hasil. Studi molecular docking menunjukkan bahwa rutin memiliki afinitas pengikatan paling tinggi terhadap α-glukosidase dengan energi bebas ikatan (ΔG) sebesar −10,76 kcal/mol dan konstanta inhibisi (Ki) 12,93 nM, diikuti oleh quercetin (ΔG = −7,52 kcal/mol; Ki = 3,10 µM). Pada uji in vitro, ekstrak etanol Anredera cordifolia menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase secara dose-dependent dengan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 12,25 µg/mL, yang dikategorikan sebagai inhibitor sedang. Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Anredera cordifolia memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes melalui mekanisme penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase secara in vitro dengan interaksi ikatan terhadap senyawa rutin dan Quercetin.
Kata Kunci: Anredera cordifolia, α-glukosidase, antidiabetes, rutin, quercetin


Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high prevalence in Indonesia, characterized by insulin resistance and persistent hyperglycemia. One therapeutic approach targets α-glucosidase, an enzyme responsible for catalyzing carbohydrate hydrolysis into glucose. Synthetic α-glukosidase inhibitors such as acarbose are effective but often cause gastrointestinal side effects, increasing the need for safer natural alternatives. Anredera cordifolia (binahong) is a traditional medicinal plant known to contain flavonoids that may serve as natural α-glukosidase inhibitors. Methods: This study used in silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of A. cordifolia. Molecular docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock Vina to assess the binding affinity between α-glukosidase and five active compounds: rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, and kaempferol. The in vitro α- glukosidase inhibition assay was performed using an enzyme inhibition kit to measure the inhibition percentage and determine the IC₅₀ value of the ethanolic leaf extract. Results: The docking analysis revealed that rutin had the strongest interaction with α- glukosidase (ΔG = −10.76 kcal/mol; Ki = 12.93 nM), followed by quercetin (ΔG = −7.52 kcal/mol; Ki = 3.10 µM). β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, and kaempferol exhibited weaker binding energies (ΔG ≈ −5.4 kcal/mol). The in vitro assay showed dose-dependent inhibition with an IC₅₀ of 12.25 µg/mL, indicating moderate inhibitory strength. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of A. cordifolia demonstrates promising α-glukosidase inhibitory and antidiabetic activity, primarily attributed to rutin and quercetin, supporting its potential as a complementary herbal therapy for managing T2DM.
Keywords: Anredera cordifolia, α-glukosidase, antidiabetes, rutin, quercetin