Tesis

Faktor – Faktor yang Memengaruhi Penerimaan Vaksin Covid-19 untuk Ibu Hamil pada Masa Pandemi di Jakarta = Factors Influencing Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Pregnant Women During the Pandemic in Jakarta.

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan kasus Covid-19 pada ibu hamil di Indonesia menimbulkan risiko lebih tinggi terhadap morbiditas, mortalitas, serta komplikasi kehamilan seperti persalinan preterm dan gawat janin. Vaksinasi Covid-19 direkomendasikan sebagai upaya pencegahan, namun tingkat penerimaan vaksin pada ibu hamil dipengaruhi berbagai faktor pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, serta faktor sosial demografis. Penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor tersebut di Jakarta masih terbatas. Penelitian ini membahas apa saja faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penerimaan vaksin Covid-19 pada ibu hamil di wilayah DKI Jakarta, serta melihat hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, karakteristik demografis, dan Health Belief Model (HBM) dengan penerimaan vaksin. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada April–Desember 2025 di seluruh puskesmas kecamatan DKI Jakarta. Sebanyak 178 ibu hamil direkrut, dengan 167 memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur meliputi karakteristik demografis, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, serta variabel lain terkait penerimaan vaksin. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square, Fisher, dan analisis multivariat. Hasil: Dari 167 ibu hamil, mayoritas berusia 21 –30 tahun (76,6%) dan berpendidikan tinggi (86,2%). Sebagian besar berada pada trimester kedua dan ketiga (96,4%), serta 94% menyatakan menerima vaksin Covid-19. Dukungan suami sangat tinggi (92,8%), dan hampir seluruh responden telah mendapatkan vaksin Covid-19 sebelum atau selama kehamilan (97,6%). Faktor yang menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan penerimaan vaksin meliputi pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, status kesehatan keseluruhan, keyakinan terhadap vaksin lokal, riwayat Covid-19, dan beberapa aspek HBM. Kesimpulan: Penerimaan vaksinasi Covid-19 pada ibu hamil di Jakarta tergolong sangat tinggi. Faktor pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, serta variabel sosial-demografis dan keyakinan kesehatan berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan vaksin. Edukasi komprehensif serta dukungan keluarga, terutama suami, berperan penting dalam meningkatkan cakupan vaksinasi pada ibu hamil.
Kata kunci: covid-19, vaksinasi, ibu hamil, penerimaan pasien.


Background: The increasing number of Covid-19 cases among pregnant women in Indonesia has raised concerns due to the heightened risk of severe illness, maternal mortality, and pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and fetal distress. Covid-19 vaccination is recommended as an important preventive measure; however, vaccine acceptance among pregnant women is influenced by multiple factors, including knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and sociodemographic characteristics. Evidence regarding these factors in Jakarta remains limited. The propose is to identify factors influencing the acceptance of Covid-19 vaccination among pregnant women in DKI Jakarta and to analyse the association between knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, sociodemographic characteristics, and components of the Health Belief Model with vaccine acceptance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to December 2025 across 44 district health centres (puskesmas) in DKI Jakarta. A total of 178 pregnant women were recruited, of whom 167 met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and other determinants of vaccine acceptance. Data analysis included chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most respondents were aged 21 –30 years (76.6%) and had higher educational attainment (86.2%). The majority were in the second or third trimester (96.4%). Overall vaccine acceptance was high, with 94% of respondents willing to receive the Covid-19 vaccine. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance. Additional factors such as perceived health status, trust in local vaccines, history of Covid-19 infection, and selected Health Belief Model components also demonstrated significant relationships with acceptance. Conclusion: Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women in Jakarta is notably high. Knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and several sociodemographic and belief-related factors significantly influence vaccine acceptance. Strengthening educational efforts and ensuring strong family support—particularly from spouses—are essential to further improve vaccination uptake among pregnant women.
Keywords: covid-19, vaccination, pregnant women, patient acceptability.