Tesis

Pengaruh Edukasi Angkat Angkut Beban terhadap Perubahan Postur Kerja dan Keluhan Gangguan Otot Rangka Akibat Kerja (GOTRAK) pada Pekerja di Pabrik Plastik = The Effect of Manual Material Handling Education on Work Posture Changes and Complaints of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) Among Manual Handling Workers at a Plastic Factory.

Pendahuluan: Gangguan Otot Rangka Akibat Kerja (GOTRAK) merupakan penyakit akibat kerja yang paling banyak terjadi pada pekerja dan menjadi penyebab kecacatan kedua terbanyak di dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko GOTRAK adalah postur tubuh yang tidak ergonomis ketika melakukan angkat angkut beban dan hal ini sering dilakukan oleh pekerja pada pabrik plastik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai proporsi pekerja dengan GOTRAK dan menilai postur ergonomi pekerja di pabrik plastik, serta mengetahui efektivitas edukasi mengenai postur yang baik ketika melakukan angkat angkut beban terhadap penurunan keluhan GOTRAK dan perubahan postur kerja pada pekerja di pabrik plastik. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pre- dan post-experimental study. Semua pekerja dengan tugas angkat angkut akan diberikan intervensi berupa edukasi mengenai angkat angkut beban. Analisis data untuk membandingkan pre dan post menggunakan uji McNemar. Hasil: Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diperoleh 46 subjek yang mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai. Pekerja yang memiliki keluhan GOTRAK sebanyak 42 orang (91.3%) dengan keluhan terbanyak nyeri punggung bawah(45.7%) dan nyeri bahu (43.5%). Sebelum intervensi, postur pekerja 100% tidak ergonomi. Setelah dilakukan intervensi, tetap tidak ergonomi namun ada perbaikan postur. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik McNemar, Keluhan GOTRAK menurun sebanyak 24% (P 0.004), dengan penurunan nyeri lengan bawah sebesar 88% (P 0.016), nyeri tangan menurun 71% (P 0.031), nyeri lutut menurun 90% (P 0.004), nyeri betis menurun 78% (P 0.039), nyeri kaki menurun 75% (P 0.031), keluhan nyeri punggung bawah berkurang sebanyak 57% (P 0.008). Kesimpulan: Frekuensi keluhan GOTRAK tinggi sebelum penelitian. Intervensi berupa edukasi angkat angkut beban yang baik, secara signifikan menurunkan keluhan GOTRAK. Meskipun postur tubuh setelah intervensi belum ergonomi, namun ada perbaikan postur kerja.
Kata kunci: GOTRAK, edukasi, angkat angkut beban, pekerja angkat angkut pabrik plastik


Introduction: Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the most common work related disease experienced by workers and are second leading cause of disability worldwide. One of the risk factors for MSDs is poor posture while performing manual material handling (MMH), which is often done by workers in plastic factories. Objective: This study aims to assess the proportion of workers with WMSDs and evaluate the ergonomic posture of workers in plastic factories, as well as to determine the effectiveness of education regarding proper posture during MMH in reducing WMSDs complaints and changing work posture in plastic factory workers. Method: This study used a pre- and post-experimental study design. All workers with material handling tasks were given an correct MMH education intervention. Data analysis to compare pre and post-intervention was conducted using the McNemar test. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 46 subjects completed the study. Among them, 42 individuals (91.3%) reported having WMSDs complaints, with the most common complaints being low back pain (45.7%) and shoulder pain (43.5%). Before intervention, all subjects (100%) exhibited non-ergonomic work posture. Following the intervention, although the overall posture remained categorized as non-ergonomic, there was a notable improvement in posture. Statistical analysis using the McNemar test showed that overall WMSDs complaints decreased by 24% (P = 0.004). Several specific complaints showed statistically and clinically significant reductions: Lower arm pain, decreased by 88% (P = 0.016), Hand pain, decreased by 71% (P = 0.031, Knee pain, decreased by 90% (P = 0.004), Calf pain, decreased by 78% (P = 0.039, Foot pain, decreased by 75% (P = 0.031, Lower back pain, decreased by 57% (P = 0.008) Conclusion: The frequency of WMSDs complaints was high before the study. The intervention of MMH education significantly reduced complaints of MSDS. Although the workers' postures after the intervention were still not ergonomic, there was an improvement in posture.
Keywords: WMSDs, Education, Manual Material Handling, manual handling workers, plastic factory