Skripsi

Aktivitas Larvisida dan Efek Sinergik Ivermectin dengan Deltametrin terhadap Larva Culex quinquefaciatus = Larvicidal Activity and Synergistic Effect of Ivermectin with Deltamethrin against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae.

Latar Belakang: Ivermectin merupakan obat yang digunakan untuk penyakit parasit dan COVID-19. Ivermectin bersifat mudah larut di dalam air sehingga dapat digunakan untuk membunuh larva Culex quinquefaciatus. Peningkatan efikasi larvisida tersebut dapat dikombinasikan dengan deltametrin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa efek sinergik dari ivermectin dan deltametrin serta efek toksisitasnya melalui mekanisme penurunan aktivitas enzim AChE dan kelainan histopatologi dari usus tengah larva Cx. quinquefaciatus. Metode: Larva Cx. quinquefasciatus dipaparkan terhadap ivermectin dan deltametrin sendiri dengan masing-masing konsentrasi 5, 15, 30, dan 50 ppm. Larva kemudian dipaparkan tehadap kobinasi dari ivermectin dan deltametrin dengan konsentrasi yang sama. Bioassay larva ini mengikuti protokol WHO dan dilakukan selama 24 jam dengan 5 pengulangan. Kelainan histopatologi larva diperiksa menggunakan metode pemeriksaan histopatologi rutin pewarnaan HE (hematoxylin eosin). Evaluasi aktivitas enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE) dilakukan dengan mengikuti protokol CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Hasil: Tingkat mortalitas efek sinergik ivermectin dan deltametrin mencapai 100%, dengan nilai LC50 ivermectin sebesar 3,223 (1,818-4,473) ppm dan nilai LC90 adalah 12,147 (9,527-16,782) ppm. Ivermectin dan deltametrin menghambat kerja enzim AChE. Efek sinergik ivermectin dan deltametrin menyebabkan kelainan histopatologi; Retakan pada food bolus, kerusakan pada lapisan epitelium, sel epitelium, dan mikrovili. Kesimpulan: Ivermectin dapat dijadikan alternatif insektisida untuk membasmi populasi larva Cx. quinquefaciatus dengan mekanisme menghambat aktivitas AChE dan menyebabkan kelainan histopatologi. Efikasi ivermectin dapat ditingkatkan dengan deltametrin.
Kata Kunci: Culex quinquefaciatus, Ivermectin, Deltametrin, histopatologi usus tengah


Background: Ivermectin is a drug used for parasitic diseases and COVID-19. Ivermectin is water-soluble and can therefore be utilized to kill Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Its larvicidal efficacy can be enhanced when combined with deltamethrin. The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic effect of ivermectin and deltamethrin as well as their toxicity through the mechanism of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibition and histopathological alterations of the larval midgut. Methods: Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were exposed to ivermectin and deltamethrin individually at concentrations of 5, 15, 30, and 50 ppm. The larvae were then exposed to a combination of ivermectin and deltamethrin at the same concentrations. The larval bioassay followed the WHO protocol and was conducted for 24 hours with five replications. Histopathological alterations were examined using routine histopathological methods with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity followed the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) protocol. Results: The mortality rate of the synergistic effect of ivermectin and deltamethrin reached 100%, with an LC₅₀ value for ivermectin of 3.223 (1.818–4.473) ppm and an LC₉₀ value of 12.147 (9.527–16.782) ppm. Both ivermectin and deltamethrin inhibited AChE enzyme activity. Their synergistic effect caused histopathological alterations, including cracks in the food bolus, damage to the epithelial layer, epithelial cells, and microvilli. Conclusion: Ivermectin can be considered an alternative insecticide for controlling Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae populations by inhibiting AChE activity and inducing histopathological alterations. The efficacy of ivermectin can be enhanced by combining it with deltamethrin.
Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, Ivermectin, Deltamethrin, midgut histopathology