Skripsi

Hubungan Faktor Sosiodemografi dengan Masalah Gangguan Jiwa Narapidana Berdasarkan Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Daerah Jakarta dan Tangerang = The Relationship Between Sociodemographic Factors and the Problem of Mental Disorders Among Prisoners Based on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in Correctional Institutions in the Jakarta and Tangerang Regions.

Latar Belakang Kesehatan mental berperan penting dalam kesejahteraan individu, memengaruhi kemampuan untuk mengelola stres dan beradaptasi. Riskesdas 2018 mencatat sekitar 20% penduduk Indonesia mengalami gangguan jiwa, dengan narapidana sebagai kelompok paling rentan akibat tekanan, isolasi, dan stigma. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dan masalah gangguan jiwa pada narapidana menggunakan Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21). Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di Lapas wilayah Jakarta dan Tangerang pada September 2025. Sebanyak 290 narapidana dipilih secara simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner sosiodemografi dan Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 26. Uji Spearman digunakan untuk analisis bivariat, sedangkan regresi logistik diterapkan untuk analisis multivariat. Hasil Sebagian besar narapidana berusia 26–35 tahun dan berpendidikan menengah. Masalah gangguan jiwa ditemukan pada 47,6% responden dengan median skor DASS-21 sebesar 9. Gangguan paling sering adalah kecemasan sedang (20%), sedangkan depresi dan stres sangat berat hanya 2,4%. Perempuan menunjukkan masalah gangguan jiwa lebih tinggi dibanding laki-laki. Faktor sosiodemografi seperti residivis, agama, status ekonomi, dan dukungan sosial berhubungan signifikan dengan skor DASS-21, dan secara simultan memengaruhi masalah gangguan jiwa, terutama pada perempuan. Kesimpulan Faktor sosiodemografi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap masalah gangguan jiwa pada narapidana, dengan dukungan sosial dan status ekonomi sebagai faktor dominan.
Kata Kunci: Depresi, kecemasan, stres, narapidana, DASS-21


Introduction Mental health plays a crucial role in individual well-being, influencing one’s ability to manage stress and adapt to various situations. The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) reported that approximately 20% of Indonesia’s population experiences mental disorders, with prisoners being the most vulnerable group due to pressure, isolation, and stigma. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the risk of mental disorders among prisoners using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21). Method This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted at correctional institutions in Jakarta and Tangerang September 2025. A total of 290 prisoners were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires and the DASS-21, then analyzed using SPSS version 26. The Spearman test was applied for bivariate analysis, while logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results Most prisoners were aged 26–35 years and had a moderate level of education. The prevalence of mental disorder risk was 47.6%, with a median DASS-21 score of 9. The most common disorder was moderate anxiety (20%), while severe depression and stress were found in only 2.4% of respondents. Female prisoners showed a higher risk of mental disorders compared to males. Sociodemographic factors such as recidivism, religion, economic status, and social support were significantly associated with DASS-21 scores and simultaneously influenced the risk of mental disorders, particularly among females. Conclusion Sociodemographic factors significantly affect the risk of mental disorders among prisoners, with social support and economic status being the dominant influencing factors.
Keywords: Depression, anxiety, stress, prisoners, DASS-21