Skripsi

Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ungu (Graptophyllum pictum) terhadap Serum Ureum pada Model Tikus Hemoroid = Potential renal toxicity of purple leaf (Graptophyllum pictum) on serum urea levels in hemorrhoid-induced rat models.

Latar Belakang Sekitar 50–85% orang di dunia menderita hemoroid, sebuah kondisi pelebaran struktur pembuluh darah area anorektal akibat perubahan jaringan bantalan anus. Hemoroid sering diobati dengan tanaman herbal, salah satunya yaitu daun ungu (Graptophyllum pictum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji toksisitas daun ungu terhadap ginjal pada model tikus hemoroid. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental menggunakan 36 tikus Wistar yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok: kontrol normal (tanpa induksi hemoroid), kontrol negatif (diinduksi croton oil 10% selama 3 hari), kontrol positif (diinduksi hemoroid dan diberi Venosmil gel selama 7 hari), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing diberi ekstrak daun ungu oral 100 mg/kgBB dikombinasikan dengan krim topikal 2,5%, 5%, atau 10% selama tujuh hari. Setelah itu, tikus diterminasi dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar serum ureum menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil Data berdistribusi normal (p > 0,05) dan setelah diuji ANOVA, tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antar rata-rata kelompok (p ≥ 0,05). Terjadi peningkatan ureum pada pemberian ekstrak daun ungu oral 100 mg/kgBB + 10% krim topikal, meskipun berada dalam rentang normal dan tidak bermakna. Kadar ureum terendah ditemukan pada pemberian ekstrak daun ungu oral 100 mg/kgBB + 5% krim topikal. Kesimpulan Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun ungu hingga dosis kombinasi oral 100 mg/kgBB dan topikal 10% tidak menunjukkan efek toksik pada serum ureum. Hal ini mengindikasikan keamanan relatif daun ungu terhadap fungsi ginjal pada penggunaan jangka pendek.
Kata Kunci: daun ungu, ginjal, hemoroid, ureum


Introduction Hemorrhoids affecting approximately 50–85% of the global population, a condition characterized by the dilation of blood vessels in the anorectal due to changes of anal cushion tissue. Herbal remedies such as purple leaf (Graptophyllum pictum) are commonly used for treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the potential renal toxicity of purple leaf ethanol extract in rat models of hemorrhoids. Method Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into six groups: normal control (without hemorrhoid induction), negative control (induced with 10% croton oil for three days), positive control (induced with hemorrhoids and treated with Venosmil gel for seven days), and three treatment groups receiving oral purple leaf extract (100 mg/kgBW) combined with 2,5%, 5%, or 10% topical cream for seven days. After the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed, and the serum urea levels were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Results Data were normally distributed (p > 0,05). ANOVA testing showed no significant differences in serum urea levels among the six groups (p ≥ 0,05). An increase in urea levels was observed in the 10% topical treatment group, but the values remained within the normal range and were not statistically significant. The lowest serum urea levels were found in 5% topical treatment group. Conclusion Oral administration of purple leaf ethanol extract at 100 mg/kgBW combined with up to 10% topical cream did not show any toxic effects on serum urea levels. This suggests that the extract is relatively safe for kidney function when used in the short term.
Keywords: kidney, hemorrhoid, purple leaf, urea