Skripsi

Profil Kadar Glutation (GSH) dan Malondialdehid (MDA) pada Plasma Penderita Obesitas di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (RSUI) = Profile of Plasma Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Obese Patients at Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (RSUI).

Latar Belakang Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat, termasuk di Indonesia. Kondisi ini berhubungan erat dengan stres oksidatif yang berperan dalam patogenesis berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Malondialdehid (MDA) digunakan sebagai biomarker stres oksidatif, sementara glutation (GSH) berperan sebagai antioksidan endogen penting. Penelitian sebelumnya umumnya hanya menilai sebagian karakteristik pasien obesitas, seperti usia, jenis kelamin, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), aktivitas fisik, dan lingkar pinggang, meskipun hasilnya masih kontroversial. Sementara itu, pengaruh karakteristik lain seperti tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan, asupan gizi, Fat Mass Index (FMI), dan Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI) masih jarang diteliti dan menunjukkan hasil yang tidak konsisten. Metode Penelitian observasional analitik ini menggunakan plasma darah tersimpan dari 94 pasien obesitas dewasa di RSUI. Kadar GSH dan MDA diukur menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Data karakteristik pasien meliputi, usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, asupan energi, asupan lemak, aktivitas fisik, IMT, FMI, FFMI, dan lingkar pinggang telah diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji t-test, Mann-Whitney, dan korelasi Spearman. Hasil Kadar GSH pada plasma penderita obesitas ditemukan lebih tinggi bermakna pada kelompok dengan pendapatan tinggi, sedangkan kadar MDA ditemukan lebih rendah bermakna pada kelompok dengan asupan lemak berlebih. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar GSH maupun MDA berdasarkan jenis kelamin, pendidikan, asupan energi, dan aktivitas fisik. Selain itu, kadar keduanya tidak berkorelasi dengan usia, IMT, FMI, FFMI, maupun lingkar pinggang. Kesimpulan Kadar GSH pada pasien obesitas menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan dan kadar MDA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan asupan lemak. Namun, kadar GSH dan MDA tidak berhubungan dengan karakteristik lainnya.
Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, GSH, MDA, Obesitas, Stres Oksidatif


Introduction Obesity is a global health problem with increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia. This condition is closely related to oxidative stress, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is commonly used as a biomarker of oxidative stress, while glutathione (GSH) acts as a major endogenous antioxidant. Previous studies have mostly evaluated only a few patient characteristics, such as age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), physical activity, and waist circumference, with inconsistent results. Meanwhile, the influence of other factors such as education level, income, dietary intake, Fat Mass Index (FMI), and Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI) has been rarely studied and remains inconclusive. Method This analytical observational study used stored plasma samples from 94 adult obese patients at RSUI. GSH and MDA levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Patient characteristics, including age, sex, education, income, energy intake, fat intake, physical activity, BMI, FMI, FFMI, and waist circumference, were obtained from a previous study. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman correlation. Results Plasma GSH levels were significantly higher in patients with higher income, while plasma MDA levels were significantly lower in patients with higher fat intake. No significant differences in GSH or MDA levels were observed according to sex, education, energy intake, or physical activity. In addition, neither GSH nor MDA levels correlated with age, BMI, FMI, FFMI, or waist circumference. Conclusion GSH levels in obese patients showed a significant association with income, and MDA levels showed a significant association with fat intake. However, both biomarkers were not related to other patient characteristics.
Keywords: Antioxidant, GSH, MDA, Obesity, Oxidative Stress