Skripsi

Pengaruh Ekstrak Beta vulgaris terhadap Kadar Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) pada Hati Mencit yang Diberikan Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) = Effect of Beta vulgaris Extract on Hepatic Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Mice.

Latar Belakang Radang usus atau inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) kini menjadi masalah kesehatan global dengan karakteristik inflamasi kronis pada saluran cerna. Sitokin proinflamasi yang memegang peran sentral dalam perkembangan radang usus adalah TNF-α. Kadar TNF-α yang tinggi dapat mempengaruhi hati melalui gut-liver axis. Jalur ini memungkinkan perpindahan sitokin proinflamasi dan patogen dari usus ke hati sehingga memicu cedera hati progresif. Selain itu, keterbatasan terapi konvensional serta tingginya risiko kekambuhan dan progresivitas radang usus mendorong upaya pencegahan melalui pemanfaatan bahan alami dengan potensi antiinflamasi, yaitu buah bit (Beta vulgaris L.). Potensi buah bit terhadap kadar TNF-α hati pada radang usus dapat diketahui melalui mencit yang diinduksi dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Metode Penelitian menggunakan 24 ekor mencit BALB/c yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu Kelompok A (normal), B (DSS, tanpa ekstrak), C (250 mg/kgBB/hari ekstrak buah bit, DSS) dan D (500 mg/kgBB/hari esktrak buah bit, DSS). Ekstrak buah bit diberikan secara oral selama 14 hari sebelum induksi DSS 2% secara oral, yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus dengan interval istirahat 7 hari. Setelah perlakuan, kadar TNF-α jaringan hati dianalisis menggunakan ELISA. Hasil Kelompok A dan B, menunjukkan kadar TNF-α hati yang relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan Kelompok C dan D dengan perlakuan ekstrak buah bit. Kelompok C dengan perlakuan ekstrak buah bit dosis 250 mg/kgBB/hari memiliki kadar TNF-α tertinggi, sebesar 6,86 (4,89 – 13,18) pg/mg protein. Kesimpulan Pemberian DSS tidak mempengaruhi kadar TNF-α hati. Namun, pemberian ekstrak buah bit dengan dosis 500 mg/kgBB/hari dan 250 mg/kgBB/hari justru cenderung meningkatkan kadar TNF-α hati.
Kata Kunci: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Beta vulgaris, dextran sodium sulfate, gut-liver axis, inflamasi hati


Introduction Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has become a global health issue characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the development of intestinal inflammation is TNF-α. Elevated TNF-α levels can affect the liver through gut-liver axis, a pathway that allows the translocation of proinflammatory cytokines and pathogens from the gut to the liver, thereby triggering progressive liver injury. Furthermore, the limitations of conventional therapies along with the high risk of recurrence and disease progression, have encouraged preventative approaches using natural compounds with antiinflammatory potential, such as beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). The potential of beetroot on hepatic TNF-α levels in gut inflammation (IBD) can be evaluated using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice. Method This study involved 24 BALB/c mice divided into four groups: Group A (normal), B (DSS without extract), C (beetroot extract 250 mg/kgBW/day with DSS), and D (beetroot extract 500 mg/kgBW/day with DSS). Beetroot extract was administered orally for 14 days before the induction of 2% DSS, which was given orally in two cycles with a 7-day rest interval. After treatment, hepatic TNF-α levels were analyzed using the ELISA method. Results Groups A and B showed relatively lower hepatic TNF-α levels compared to Groups C and D, which received beetroot extract. Group C, treated with beetroot extract ata a dose of 250 mg/kgBW/day, showed the highest TNF-α level at 6.86 (4.89 – 13.18) pg/mg protein. Conclusion Administration of DSS did not affect hepatic TNF-α levels. However, administration of beetroot extract at doses of 500 mg/kgBW/day and 250 mg/kgBW/day tended to increase hepatic TNF-α levels.
Keywords: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Beta vulgaris, dextran sodium sulfate, gut-liver axis, liver inflammation