Skripsi

Prevalensi dan Gambaran Derajat Gangguan Pendengaran pada Pelari di Stadion Gelora Bung Karno Latar Belakang = Prevalence and Patterns of Hearing Loss Severity among Runners Using Earphones at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium.

Latar Belakang Penggunaan earphone dengan intensitas tinggi dalam jangka waktu lama berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan pendengaran. Pemeriksaan audiometri standar seringkali tidak mendeteksi perubahan dini, sementara Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) frekuensi tinggi dapat mengevaluasi fungsi outer hair cells (OHC) secara lebih sensitif. Bukti pada populasi pelari pengguna earphone masih terbatas. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort yang dilakukan di Stadion Gelora Bung Karno, Jakarta pada Agustus–September 2025. Sebanyak 35 pelari pengguna earphone inner-ear sambil mendengarkan musik ±1 jam menjadi responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner 17-Item Hearing Loss Questionnaire (HLQ) serta pemeriksaan DPOAE frekuensi tinggi sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas lari. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif terhadap prevalensi, status akhir OAE, dan skor kuesioner. Hasil Dari 35 responden (60% laki-laki, seluruhnya usia dewasa), prevalensi gangguan pendengaran berdasarkan OAE per-telinga adalah 15,7% (11/70 telinga refer), sementara 84,4% telinga dinyatakan sehat (pass/borderline). Status akhir OAE per-orang menunjukkan 74,3% pass, 2,9% borderline, dan 22,9% refer. Sebagian besar telinga mempertahankan status pass pra- hingga pasca-lari, namun ditemukan sebagian kecil dengan hasil membaik maupun memburuk. Berdasarkan HLQ, mayoritas responden berada pada kategori keluhan pendengaran ringan (71,4%), diikuti normal (22,9%) dan sedang (5,7%), dengan rerata skor 19,08±1,95. Kesimpulan Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran pada pelari pengguna earphone sebesar 15,7%, dengan mayoritas tetap memiliki hasil OAE normal. Pemeriksaan DPOAE frekuensi tinggi terbukti mampu mendeteksi perubahan subklinis yang tidak teridentifikasi melalui pemeriksaan standar, sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai skrining dini pada populasi berisiko.
Kata Kunci: Earphone, Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions, DPOAE frekuensi tinggi, pelari, gangguan pendengaran


Introduction The use of earphones at high intensity and prolonged duration may increase the risk of hearing loss. Conventional audiometry often fails to detect early changes, while highfrequency Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) can provide a more sensitive evaluation of outer hair cell (OHC) function. Evidence among runners using earphones remains limited. Method This cohort study was conducted at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, Jakarta, during August– September 2025. A total of 35 runners using inner-ear earphones while listening to music for approximately one hour were enrolled. Data were obtained using the 17-Item Hearing Loss Questionnaire (HLQ) and high-frequency DPOAE tests before and after running. Descriptive analysis was performed on prevalence, final OAE status, and questionnaire scores. Results Among 35 respondents (60% male, all adults), the prevalence of hearing impairment based on post-run OAE per ear was 15.7% (11/70 ears referred), while 84.4% were classified as healthy (pass/borderline). Final OAE status per subject showed 74.3% pass, 2.9% borderline, and 22.9% refer. Most ears maintained a pass status from pre- to postrun, although a small proportion demonstrated improvement or deterioration. Based on HLQ, the majority of respondents reported mild subjective hearing complaints (71.4%), followed by normal (22.9%) and moderate (5.7%), with a mean score of 19.08±1.95. Conclusion The prevalence of hearing impairment among runners using earphones was 15.7%, with most participants maintaining normal OAE results. High-frequency DPOAE proved useful in detecting subclinical changes that may not be identified through conventional audiometry, supporting its role as an early screening tool in at-risk populations.
Keywords: Earphones, Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions, High-frequency DPOAE, Runners, Hearing loss