Skripsi

Hubungan Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) dengan Tingkat Stres Mahasiswa Kedokteran = The Relationship Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Stress Levels among Medical Students.

Latar Belakang Kondisi stres yang berlebihan pada mahasiswa kedokteran dapat berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan mental, prestasi akademik, dan kualitas pelayanan pasien di masa depan. Salah satu faktor yang berpotensi berkontribusi terhadap kerentanan individu terhadap stres adalah pengalaman masa kecil yang merugikan atau Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). ACEs mencakup berbagai bentuk pengalaman negatif pada masa kanak-kanak, seperti kekerasan fisik, emosional, seksual, penelantaran, serta disfungsi dalam lingkungan keluarga. Metode Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan menggunakan WHO Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) untuk mengukur variabel ACEs dan Kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 21, untuk mengukur tingkat stress pada 93 Mahasiswa Kedokteran, yang dianalisi menggunakan SPSS. Hasil Dari 93 responden, sebanyak 30,1% memiliki pengalaman masa kecil yang merugikan (ACEs). Sebagian besar responden dengan ACEs mengalami 1 jenis ACEs (17,2%), sedangkan 6,5% responden tercatat memiliki ≥4 ACEs. Mayoritas responden berada pada kategori stres sedang yaitu 41 orang (44,1%), diikuti oleh stres sangat berat sebanyak 18 orang (19,4%) dan stres berat sebanyak 12 orang (12,9%). Adapun responden yang mengalami stres ringan berjumlah 14 orang (15,1%), sedangkan kategori normal (tidak mengalami stres) ditemukan pada 8 orang (8,6%). Kesimpulan Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) terbukti berkontribusi signifikan terhadap tingkat stres mahasiswa kedokteran. Semakin banyak jenis ACEs yang dialami, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat stres yang dirasakan responden. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman masa kecil yang merugikan memiliki dampak jangka panjang terhadap kesehatan mental.
Kata kunci : Adverse Childhood Experiences/ACEs, Stres, Mahasiswa Kedokteran


Introduction Excessive stress among medical students can negatively affect mental health, academic performance, and the quality of patient care in the future. One factor that may contribute to an individual’s vulnerability to stress is Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). ACEs encompass various forms of negative experiences during childhood, such as physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted using the WHO Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) to measure the ACEs variable and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire to measure stress levels in 93 medical students, analyzed using SPSS. Results Of the 93 respondents, 30.1% had Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Most respondents with ACEs only experienced 1 type of ACEs (17.2%), while 6.5% of respondents had ≥4 ACEs. The majority of respondents were in the moderate stress category, namely 41 people (44.1%), followed by very severe stress as many as 18 people (19.4%) and severe stress as many as 12 people (12.9%). Meanwhile, respondents who experienced mild stress were 14 people (15.1%), while the normal category (no stress) was found in 8 people (8.6%). Conclusion Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) were proven to contribute significantly to the stress levels of medical students. The more types of ACEs experienced, the higher the level of stress felt by respondents. This shows that Adverse Childhood Experiences have a long-term impact on mental health.
Keywords: Adverse Childhood Experiences/ACEs, stress, medical students