Skripsi

Efek Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Bonggol Nanas terhadap Ekspresi COX-2 pada Kolon Mencit BALB/c yang Diinduksi AOM/DSS = Anti-inflammatory Effect of Pineapple Stem Ethanolic Extract on COX-2 Expression in the Colon of AOM/DSS-Induced BALB/c Mice.

Latar Belakang: Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi akibat kanker di dunia dan erat kaitannya dengan proses inflamasi kronis. Salah satu mediator kunci dalam karsinogenesis adalah Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) yang berperan dalam produksi prostaglandin proinflamasi. Pencarian bahan alami potensial terus berkembang, salah satunya bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus) yang mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, termasuk enzim proteolitik bromelain serta metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, fenolik, dan saponin yang diduga memiliki sifat antiinflamasi dan antikanker. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh ekstrak bonggol nanas (EBN) terhadap ekspresi COX-2 pada kolon mencit yang diinduksi azoxymethane (AOM) dan dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Metode: Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 30 ekor mencit BALB/c yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: normal, kontrol negatif (AOM/DSS), kontrol positif (aspirin 150 mg/kgBB), serta perlakuan EBN dosis 100 mg/kgBB (EBN I), 200 mg/kgBB (EBN II), dan 400 mg/kgBB (EBN III). Pewarnaan imunohistokimia COX-2 dilakukan pada jaringan kolon dan diamati pada sel epitel kripta serta sel inflamasi di lamina propria menggunakan mikroskop perbesaran 40×10. Analisis dilakukan secara semikuantitatif menggunakan IHC Profiler pada aplikasi ImageJ. Hasil: Rata-rata H-score ekspresi COX-2 kelompok normal 177,08 ±19,79; kontrol negatif 202,71 ±18,96; kontrol positif 197,34 ±14,94; EBN I 186,54 ±10,39; EBN II 184,13 ±24,33; dan EBN III 201,29 ±16,19. Analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan antar kelompok tidak signifikan (p=0,373). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol bonggol nanas dengan dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kgBB selama 14 hari belum menunjukkan efek antiinflamasi yang signifikan melalui penurunan ekspresi COX-2 pada jaringan kolon mencit model AOM/DSS.
Kata Kunci: AOM, COX-2, DSS, ekstrak bonggol nanas, inflamasi, kanker kolorektal


Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is closely associated with chronic inflammation. One of the key mediators in carcinogenesis is Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which plays a role in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. The search for potential natural agents continues to expand, one of which is pineapple stem (Ananas comosus), which contains various bioactive compounds, including bromelain, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins known to possess anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pineapple stem extract (PSE) on COX-2 expression in the colon of mice induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: This experimental study used 30 BALB/c mice divided into six groups: normal, negative control (AOM/DSS), positive control (aspirin 150 mg/kgBW), and treatment groups with PSE at doses of 100 mg/kgBW (PSE I), 200 mg/kgBW (PSE II), and 400 mg/kgBW (PSE III). COX-2 immunohistochemical staining was performed on colonic tissue and observed in the crypt epithelial cells and inflammatory cells within the lamina propria under a 40×10 magnification microscope. Semi-quantitative analysis was conducted using the IHC Profiler plugin in ImageJ. Results: The mean H-scores of COX-2 expression were as follows: normal 177.08 ±19.79, negative control 202.71 ± 18.96, positive control 197.34 ± 14.94, PSE I 186.54 ± 10.39, PSE II 184.13 ± 24.33, and PSE III 201.29 ± 16.19. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference among groups (p = 0.373). Conclusion: Administration of ethanol extract of pineapple stem at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW for 14 days did not show a significant anti-inflammatory effect through the reduction of COX-2 expression in the colonic tissue of AOM/DSS-induced mice.
Keywords: AOM, colorectal cancer, COX-2, DSS, inflammation, pineapple stem extract