Skripsi

Analisis Fitokimia dan Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Biji Buah Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan) terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7 = Phytochemical and Cytotoxicity Analysis of Longan Seed Extract (Dimocarpus longan) on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.

Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara berada pada peringkat pertama jenis kanker yang paling sering terjadi dan penyebab mortalitas ketiga di Indonesia. Tatalaksana kanker payudara seperti pembedahan, kemoterapi, dan imunoterapi dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek samping dan memerlukan biaya yang tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan terapi alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek sitotoksik ekstrak biji kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan) terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Metode: Serbuk biji kelengkeng dilakukan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana. Untuk mengetahui komponen senyawa fitokimia, dilakukan uji fitokimia, kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), dan uji kuantitatif flavonoid pada ketiga ekstrak. Uji aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak biji kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan) terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dilakukan menggunakan metode MTT. Hasil: Uji fitokimia membuktikan ekstrak etanol biji kelengkeng mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, tannin, dan triterpenoid. Sementara itu, ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid. Uji KLT menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 senyawa pada ekstrak etanol, 6 senyawa pada ekstrak etil asetat, dan 4 senyawa pada ekstrak nheksana. Uji kuantitatif flavonoid menunjukkan ekstrak etanol memiliki kadar flavonoid sebesar 3,2 ppm, ekstrak etil asetat sebesar 33,2 ppm, serta n-heksana sebesar 44,6 ppm. Aktivitas sitotoksik ketiga ekstrak biji kelengkeng terhadap sel MCF-7 tergolong kuat. Nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana secara berurutan adalah 2,07 µg/mL; 1,73 µg/mL; 0,42 µg/mL. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak biji kelengkeng menunjukkan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7, sehingga berpotensi dapat dikembangkan sebagai terapi alternatif untuk pengobatan kanker payudara.
Kata Kunci: Aktivitas sitotoksik, Dimocarpus longan, fitokimia, sel kanker payudara MCF-7


Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of mortality in Indonesia. Breast cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy can cause various side effects and are expensive, so it is necessary to develop alternative therapies. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic effects of longan seed extract (Dimocarpus longan) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Method: Longan seed powder was macerated using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents. To identify the phytochemical compounds, phytochemical tests, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and quantitative flavonoid tests were performed on the three extracts. The cytotoxic activity of longan seed extract (Dimocarpus longan) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells was tested using the MTT method. Results: Phytochemical testing showed that longan seed ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and triterpenoids. Meanwhile, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. TLC showed that there were 9 compounds in the ethanol extract, 6 compounds in the ethyl acetate extract, and 4 compounds in the n-hexane extract. Quantitative flavonoid testing showed that the ethanol extract had a flavonoid content of 3.2 ppm, the ethyl acetate extract had 33.2 ppm, and the n-hexane extract had 44.6 ppm. The cytotoxic activity of the three longan seed extracts against MCF-7 cells was strong. The IC50 values of the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were 2.07 µg/mL, 1.73 µg/mL, and 0.42 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Longan seed extract showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, so it has the potential to be developed as an alternative therapy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Keywords: Cytotoxic activity, Dimocarpus longan, phytochemicals, MCF-7 breast cancer cells