Skripsi

Prevalensi Sleep Apnea pada Pasien Stroke dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi di RSUP Persahabatan = The Prevalence of Sleep Apnea Among Stroke Patients and Its Associated Factors at Persahabatan National General Hospital.

Latar Belakang Stroke merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia dengan angka kejadian yang terus meningkat. Gangguan tidur, terutama sleep apnea, menjadi faktor penting namun sering diabaikan yang berperan dalam kejadian dan pemulihan stroke. Sleep apnea sering terjadi bersamaan dengan stroke karena adanya faktor risiko bersama seperti hipertensi, obesitas, dan gangguan neurologis. Namun, data mengenai prevalensi sleep apnea pada pasien stroke di Indonesia masih terbatas dan perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional dengan data yang diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner STOP-Bang, Berlin, dan Epworth Sleepiness Scale oleh pasien stroke dari poli saraf RSUP Persahabatan dari April hingga Juni 2025. Data tersebut diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS edisi 27. Data demografis disajikan secara deskriptif serta hubungan antar faktor risiko dan hasil kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square dan Fisher’s Exact Test. Hasil Sebanyak 74 pasien stroke memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Peserta penelitian mayoritas berusia ≥50 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan, tidak obesitas, dan mengalami stroke iskemik. Sebagian besar memiliki riwayat hipertensi tetapi tidak memiliki riwayat merokok maupun diabetes melitus. Prevalensi risiko tinggi sleep apnea mencapai 78,4% berdasarkan kuesioner STOP-Bang dan 44,6% berdasarkan kuesioner Berlin, sedangkan kantuk berlebih di siang hari ditemukan pada 16,2% pasien berdasarkan kuesioner Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Risiko sleep apnea berhubungan signifikan dengan usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, dan riwayat merokok, sementara diabetes melitus serta indeks massa tubuh tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan. Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menyoroti tingginya proporsi pasien stroke dengan risiko sleep apnea dan menegaskan pentingnya skrining serta penatalaksanaan dini dalam perawatan pasien stroke.
Kata Kunci: Stroke, Sleep Apnea, STOP-Bang, Berlin, Epworth Sleepiness Scale


Introduction Stroke remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Sleep apnea, a frequently underrecognized sleep disorder, may influence stroke onset and recovery through shared risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and neurological impairment. However, evidence on its prevalence among stroke patients in Indonesia is limited, underscoring the need for further investigation. Method This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design with data obtained from the completion of the STOP-Bang, Berlin, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires by stroke patients attending the neurology outpatient clinic at RSUP Persahabatan from April to June 2025. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Demographic characteristics were presented descriptively, and associations between risk factors and questionnaire outcomes were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact test. Results A total of 74 stroke patients met the inclusion criteria. Most participants were aged 50 years and older, female, non-obese, and diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Most had a history of hypertension but no history of smoking or diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of high sleep apnea risk was 78.4% using the STOP-Bang questionnaire and 44.6% using the Berlin questionnaire, while excessive daytime sleepiness was found in 16.2% of patients based on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep apnea risk was significantly associated with age, sex, hypertension, and smoking history, whereas diabetes mellitus and body mass index showed insignificant. Conclusion The study highlights the high proportion of stroke patients at risk of sleep apnea and emphasizes the importance of early screening and management in stroke care.
Keywords: Stroke, Sleep Apnea, STOP-Bang, Berlin, Epworth Sleepiness Scale