Tesis

Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Tingkat Kebugaran Fisik pada Anak Usia 7–8 Tahun = Association Between Low Birth Weight and Physical Fitness Level in Children Aged 7–8 Years.

Latar Belakang: Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) merupakan prediktor penting morbiditas dan mortalitas anak, serta dikaitkan dengan penurunan kebugaran fisik seperti kekuatan otot dan daya tahan kardiorespirasi. Penelitian mengenai hubungan BBLR dengan kebugaran fisik anak di Indonesia masih terbatas. Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara BBLR dan berbagai komponen kebugaran fisik pada anak usia 7–8 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan melibatkan 84 anak (42 dengan riwayat BBLR dan 42 dengan berat lahir normal) dari beberapa sekolah dasar di Jakarta. Komponen kebugaran fisik yang dinilai meliputi kebugaran kardiorespirasi (VO₂max), kekuatan otot, fleksibilitas (V-Sit and Reach Test), dan power (Standing Long Jump), serta tingkat aktivitas fisik menggunakan PAQ-C. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji t, Mann-Whitney, dan chi-square sesuai kebutuhan. Hasil: Anak dengan riwayat BBLR memiliki VO₂max median lebih rendah (22,24 ml/kg/menit) dibandingkan anak dengan berat lahir normal (25,86 ml/kg/menit; p=0,008). Kekuatan genggaman tangan cenderung lebih rendah pada kelompok BBLR (6,7 kg) dibandingkan kontrol (7,55 kg) dengan p=0,051. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada fleksibilitas (p=0,968), power (p=0,459), dan tingkat aktivitas fisik (p=0,177). Faktor sosioekonomi dan pendidikan ibu turut memengaruhi hasil kebugaran fisik. Kesimpulan: BBLR berhubungan dengan penurunan kebugaran kardiorespirasi pada anak usia 7–8 tahun. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya intervensi dini untuk mengoptimalkan kebugaran fisik pada anak dengan riwayat BBLR.
Kata kunci: BBLR, kebugaran fisik, VO₂max, kekuatan genggaman tangan, anak, PAQ-C


Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is an important predictor of child morbidity and mortality and is associated with decreased physical fitness, such as muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance. Research on the relationship between LBW and children's physical fitness in Indonesia remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between low birth weight and various components of physical fitness in children aged 7–8 years. Methods: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 84 children (42 with a history of LBW and 42 with normal birth weight) recruited from elementary schools in Jakarta. Physical fitness components assessed included cardiorespiratory fitness (VO₂max), muscle strength (handgrip dynamometry), flexibility (V Sit and Reach Test), and power (Standing Long Jump), as well as physical activity levels using PAQ-C. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square as appropriate. Results: Children with LBW had significantly lower median VO₂max (22.24 ml/kg/min) compared to those with normal birth weight (25.86 ml/kg/min; p=0.008). Handgrip strength was slightly lower in the LBW group (median 6.7 kg) versus controls (7.55 kg), approaching significance (p=0.051). No significant differences were observed in flexibility (p=0.968), power (p=0.459), or physical activity levels (p=0.177). Socioeconomic and maternal education factors also influenced fitness outcomes Conclusion: Low birth weight is associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness in children aged 7–8 years. These findings suggest that children with a history of LBW may require early interventions to optimize physical fitness and reduce long-term health risks.
Keywords: Low birth weight, physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, handgrip strength, children, PAQ-C