Skripsi

Hubungan Antara Malnutrisi Dan Frekuensi Episode Pneumonia Berulang Pada Anak Di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia = The Association between Malnutrition and the Frequency of Recurrent Pneumonia Episodes in Children at Universitas Indonesia Hospital.

Latar Belakang Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama mortalitas anak di bawah lima tahun di seluruh dunia. Pneumonia berulang dapat meningkatkan risiko mortalitas, sementara malnutrisi diketahui berperan dalam menurunkan fungsi sistem imun sehingga terjadi kerentanan infeksi. Namun, bukti mengenai hubungan antara malnutrisi dan frekuensi episode pneumonia berulang masih terbatas. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis anak dengan pneumonia berulang di RSUI. Status nutrisi ditentukan berdasarkan indikator antropometri berat badan menurut usia (BB/U), tinggi badan menurut usia (TB/U), dan berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB) sesuai standar WHO 2006. Analisis hubungan antara status gizi dan frekuensi episode pneumonia berulang dilakukan dengan uji chi-square dan perhitungan estimasi odds ratio. Hasil Dari 57 subjek, sebagian besar berusia 0–12 bulan (63,2%) dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki (59,6%). Sebanyak 47,4% tergolong underweight, 38,6% stunted, dan 33,3% malnutrisi berdasarkan BB/TB. Sebagian besar anak (52,6%) mengalami ≥3 episode pneumonia berulang. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status underweight dan frekuensi episode pneumonia berulang (p=0,044; OR=3,0; 95% CI: 1,02–8,86). Indikator TB/U (p=0,062) dan BB/TB (p=0,574) tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna. Kesimpulan Malnutrisi, khususnya underweight, berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko frekuensi episode pneumonia berulang pada anak. Pemantauan status gizi dan intervensi nutrisi perlu dilakukan sebagai bagian dari strategi pencegahan pneumonia berulang.
Kata Kunci: Anak, Episode, Malnutrisi, Pneumonia Berulang, Status Nutrisi, Underweight


Introduction Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of mortality among children under five years old worldwide. Recurrent pneumonia increases the risk of mortality, while malnutrition is known to impair immune function which can lead to infection susceptibility. However, evidence regarding the relationship between malnutrition and the frequency of recurrent pneumonia episodes in children remains limited. Method This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with recurrent pneumonia at RSUI. Nutritional status was assessed based on anthropometric indicators of weight-for-age (WFA), height-for-age (HFA), and weightfor-height (WFH) according to the WHO 2006 growth standards. The association between nutritional status and the frequency of recurrent pneumonia episodes was analyzed using the chi-square test and estimate odds ratio calculations. Results A total of 57 subjects were included, with the majority aged 0–12 months (63.2%) and male (59.6%). Underweight was found in 47.4%, stunting in 38.6%, and acute malnutrition based on WFH in 33.3% of subjects. More than half (52.6%) experienced ≥3 recurrent pneumonia episodes. There was a significant association between underweight and the frequency of recurrent pneumonia episodes (p = 0.044; OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.02–8.86). No significant association was found for HFA (p = 0.062) or WFH (p = 0.574). Conclusion Malnutrition, particularly underweight, is associated with an increased risk episode frequency of recurrent pneumonia in children. Nutritional assessment and intervention should be integrated into preventive strategies for recurrent pneumonia.
Keywords: Children, Episode, Malnutrition, Recurrent pneumonia, Nutritional status, Underweight