Skripsi

Profil Pasien dengan Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Tahun 2024 = Profile of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) Patients at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo in 2024.

Latar Belakang Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) merupakan kegawatdaruratan THT yang ditandai dengan penurunan pendengaran mendadak, ≥30 dB, pada tiga frekuensi berurutan, dalam rentang tiga hari. SSNHL dapat mengurangi kualitas hidup seseorang dan membutuhkan tatalaksana segara. Profil pasien SSNHL di Indonesia masih jarang dilaporkan, sehingga diperlukan lebih banyak penelitian guna memahami karakteristik klinis pasien yang diharapkan dapat membantu diagnosis dan tatalaksana segera kasus SSNHL. Metode Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang dilakukan pada 37 pasien SSNHL yang datang ke poli THT RSCM selama Januari–Desember 2024 dengan teknik total consecutive sampling. Data sekunder diperoleh dari rekam medis, meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, lateralitas, derajat gangguan dengar, konfigurasi audiogram, rentang waktu sejak onset gejala, serta gejala penyerta. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil Kelompok usia terbanyak adalah 18–44 tahun (45,9%) dengan dominansi subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki (62,2%). Sebagian besar kasus bersifat unilateral (89,2%), dengan predileksi telinga kanan. Derajat gangguan dengar paling prevalen adalah sangat berat (48,8%) dengan konfigurasi audiogram terbanyak adalah datar (56,1%). Mayoritas pasien datang lebih dari 2 minggu setelah onset gejala (82,9%). Gejala penyerta yang paling kerap ditemukan adalah tinnitus (48,6%) serta tinnitus dengan gangguan keseimbangan (43,2%). Kesimpulan Penelitian ini mendata profil 37 pasien SSNHL yang datang ke poli THT RSCM selama Januari–Desember 2024 meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, lateralitas, derajat gangguan dengar, konfigurasi audiogram, rentang waktu sejak onset gejala, serta gejala penyerta. Hasil penelitian in diharapkan dapat berguna dan dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut oleh penelitian lainnya di masa mendatang.
Kata kunci: audiogram, gangguan pendengaran, karakteristik, onset, tinnitus


Introduction Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otologic emergency characterized by sudden hearing loss of ≥30 dB at three consecutive frequencies within three days. SSNHL can reduce quality of life and requires prompt treatment. The clinical profile of SSNHL patients in Indonesia is rarely reported, establishing the urgency for further research in hopes of better understanding SSNHL clinical characteristics that may support early diagnosis and treatment. Method This descriptive cross-sectional study included 37 SSNHL patients presenting to the ENT department of RSCM between January and December 2024, selected using total consecutive sampling. Secondary data were collected from medical records, including age, sex, laterality, degree of hearing loss, audiogram configuration, time since onset, and accompanying symptoms. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency and percentage distribution. Results The most common age group was 18–44 years (45.9%), with male predominance (62.2%). Most cases were unilateral (89.2%) with predilection for the right ear. The most prevalent degree of hearing loss was profound (48.8%), and the most frequent audiogram configuration was flat type (56.1%). Majority of patients presented more than two weeks after symptom onset (82.9%). The most common accompanying symptom was tinnitus (48.6%), followed by tinnitus with balance disturbance (43.2%). Conclusion This study describes the profile of 37 SSNHL patients at RSCM in 2024, including age, sex, laterality, severity, audiogram configuration, time since onset, and accompanying symptoms. These findings may provide useful information and serve as a basis for future research on SSNHL patients in Indonesia.
Keywords: audiogram, characteristic, hearing loss, onset, tinnitus