Skripsi

Gambaran Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan Pasien Kanker Paru di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan tahun 2025 = Health-Seeking Behavior Among Lung Cancer Patients at Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan in 2025.

Pendahuluan: Kanker paru merupakan kanker yang memiliki angka mortalitas tertinggi di Indonesia, namun pengetahuan terkait penundaan jalur pengobatan masih terbatas. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik pasien, perilaku pencarian pengobatan awal, mengukur interval dengan Model of Pathways to Treatment, serta mengidentifikasi faktor pencarian bantuan pengobatan. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang terhadap 106 pasien kanker paru. Wawancara terstruktur dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data retrospektif dan verifikasi melalui rekam medis. Hasil: Partisipan sebagian besar tinggal di perkotaan (99,1%), memiliki riwayat merokok (45,3%), memiliki gejala batuk (45,3%), kanker berjenis adenokarsinoma (82,1%), terdeteksi ketika telah stadium IVA (53,8%). Beberapa partisipan juga memiliki riwayat kanker paru di keluarga (8,5%) dan terdiagnosis awal sebagai tuberkulosis (25,5%). Setelah mengidentifikasi gejala, partisipan lebih banyak memilih layanan formal (80,2%) yang berhubungan dengan komorbiditas (p=0,025). Interval onset gejala hingga konsultasi pertama memiliki median 0 hari, serta berkaitan dengan keberadaan gejala (p=0,024), layanan kesehatan pertama (p < 0,001), dan jarak ke layanan pertama (p=0,046). Interval konsultasi pertama hingga diagnosis memiliki median 140 hari. Interval diagnosis hingga inisiasi pengobatan memiliki median 26 hari yang berkaitan dengan riwayat kanker paru di keluarga (p=0,016). Interval total sejak onset gejala hingga inisiasi pengobatan memiliki median 189 hari, yang berkaitan dengan jenis kelamin (p=0,028), riwayat merokok (p=0,030), komorbiditas (p=0,046), dan jarak ke layanan diagnosis (p=0,049). Kesimpulan: Interval diagnosis menyumbang sebagian besar waktu dalam jalur pencarian pengobatan. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya deteksi dini dan peningkatan kapasitas fasilitas kesehatan sebagai dasar intervensi kanker paru di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: health-seeking behavior, Indonesia, kanker paru, Model of Pathways to Treatment


Introduction: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in Indonesia. However, knowledge regarding delays in treatment pathways remains limited. This study aims to describe patient characteristics, initial health-seeking behavior, measure key intervals using the Model of Pathways to Treatment, and identify factors associated with healthseeking behavior. Method: A quantitative descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 106 lung cancer patients. Structured interviews were conducted to collect retrospective data and where possible, validated with medical records. Results: Participants predominantly lived in urban areas (99,1%), had a smoking history (45,3%), had cough symptoms (45,3%), had adenocarcinoma (82,1%), and were detected at stage IVA (53,8%). Some participants had a family history of lung cancer (8,5%) and were initially diagnosed with tuberculosis (25,5%). Most participants initially sought formal care (80,2%), related to comorbidities (p=0,025). The interval from onset of symptoms to the first consultation had a median of 0 day, which was associated with the presence of symptoms (p=0,024), the first health service (p < 0,001), and the distance to the first service (p=0,046). The interval from the first consultation to diagnosis had a median of 140 days. The interval from diagnosis to initiation of treatment had a median of 26 days, which was associated with a family history of lung cancer (p=0,016). The total interval from onset of symptoms to initiation of treatment had a median of 189 days, which was associated with gender (p=0,028), smoking history (p=0,030), comorbidities (p=0,046), and distance to the diagnostic service (p=0,049). Conclusion: The diagnostic interval accounts for the majority of the treatment pathway. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and improving the capacity of health facilities as the basis of lung cancer intervention in Indonesia.
Keywords: health-seeking behavior, Indonesia, lung cancer, Model of Pathways to Treatment.