Skripsi

Potensi Water M-Maze sebagai Instrumen Uji Memori Kerja Visuospasial Tikus Melalui Analisis Skor Uji Delayed Alternation dan Waktu Latensi = Potential of Water M-Maze as Visuospatial Working Memory Assessment Instrument in Rats: Delayed Alternation Test Score and Latency Time Analysis.

Latar Belakang Kejadian penyakit neurodegeneratif terus meningkat secara global dan menjadi tantangan dalam bidang kesehatan. Kondisi ini berdampak pada gangguan memori kerja sebagai bagian dari fungsi kognitif. Evaluasi fungsi memori kerja visuospasial banyak diteliti pada hewan coba menggunakan berbagai jenis maze dengan keterbatasannya masingmasing. Water M-maze dikembangkan dengan menggabungkan kelebihan Morris water maze dan T-/Y-maze sekaligus meminimalisasi kekurangannya sehingga berpotensi menjadi alternatif instrumen dengan kompleksitas menengah untuk penilaian memori kerja visuospasial secara alosentris dan efisien. Metode Penelitian eksperimental ini membagi 30 tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dalam kelompok water M-maze kontrol (n=7), water T-maze kontrol (n=7), water M-maze skopolamin (n=8), dan water T-maze skopolamin (n=8). Skopolamin 1 mg/kg diinjeksikan untuk menginduksi gangguan memori. Prosedur uji meliputi fase eksplorasi, forced-forced alternation, dan forced-choice alternation selama tujuh hari. Variabel yang diukur meliputi skor uji delayed alternation serta waktu latensi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan SPSS menggunakan uji komparasi sesuai distribusi data. Hasil Skor delayed alternation antara water M-maze dan water T-maze tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p > 0,05) pada nilai maksimum kelompok kontrol maupun nilai pascainjeksi kelompok skopolamin. Perbedaan bermakna antara rerata nilai maksimum kelompok kontrol dan kelompok skopolamin pascainjeksi ditemukan pada water M-maze (p < 0,05), tetapi tidak pada water T-maze. Rata-rata waktu latensi water M-maze lebih tinggi dibandingkan water T-maze, tetapi tidak signifikan secara statistik (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan Water M-maze berpotensi menjadi alternatif instrumen uji memori kerja visuospasial pada tikus dengan skor uji yang sebanding dengan water T-maze, sensitivitas terhadap induksi farmakologis, serta waktu latensi yang relatif efisien.
Kata Kunci: Water M-maze, memori kerja visuospasial, skor uji delayed alternation, waktu latensi, skopolamin, water T-maze


Introduction The global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases consistently rises and becomes a major health concern. This condition leads to impairments in working memory as part of cognitive function. Visuospatial working memory function is widely evaluated in animals using mazes, each with distinct limitations. The development of the water M-maze integrates the advantages of the Morris water maze and T-/Y-mazes while minimising their drawbacks, thus demonstrating potential as an alternative instrument with intermediate complexity for allocentric and efficient visuospatial working memory assessment. Method This experimental study assigned 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats into water M-maze control (n=7), water T-maze control (n=7), water M-maze scopolamine (n=8), and water T-maze scopolamine (n=8) groups. Scopolamine 1 mg/kg was injected to induce memory impairment. Testing procedures comprised exploration, forced-forced alternation, and forced-choice alternation phases over seven days. Measured variables were the delayed alternation test scores and latency time. Data analysis employed comparative tests with SPSS according to data distribution. Results No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in delayed alternation scores between water M-maze and water T-maze in the control and scopolamine groups. A significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control and scopolamine groups was detected by the water M-maze, but not the water T-maze. The water M-maze group mean latency time was insignificantly higher than the water T-maze throughout the testing period (p > 0.05). Conclusion The water M-maze demonstrates potential as an alternative instrument for visuospatial working memory assessment in rats, with comparable test scores to the water T-maze, sensitivity to pharmacological induction, and relatively efficient latency time.
Keywords: Water M-maze, visuospatial working memory, delayed alternation score, latency time, scopolamine, water T-maze