Skripsi

Hubungan antara Intelligence Quotient (IQ) dan Perilaku Antisosial pada Remaja Laki-Laki di LPKA Kelas I Tangerang = The Relationship Between Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Antisocial Behavior Among Male Adolescents in the Tangerang Class I Youth Correctional Facility (LPKA).

Pendahuluan: Remaja laki-laki rentan terhadap perilaku antisosial akibat ketidakseimbangan maturasi neurokognitif, terutama keterlambatan perkembangan korteks prefrontal dibandingkan sistem limbik, serta pengaruh hormon testosteron yang meningkat pada masa pubertas. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) diduga berperan melalui fungsi eksekutif dalam pengendalian perilaku. Di LPKA, kerentanan ini diperberat oleh paparan lingkungan berisiko dan terbatasnya akses pendidikan berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi korelasi antara IQ dan perilaku antisosial pada remaja lakilaki di LPKA Kelas I Tangerang. Metode: Penelitian potong-lintang ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel konsekutif pada remaja laki-laki binaan LPKA. IQ diukur menggunakan Shortened Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (15 item), sedangkan perilaku antisosial dinilai melalui Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (32 item). Uji normalitas dilakukan dengan Kolmogorov–Smirnov, dilanjutkan dengan korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 81 remaja laki-laki berusia rata-rata 17,37 ± 1,11 tahun (14– 19) dan mayoritas berpendidikan terakhir SMA/sederajat (51,9%). Rata-rata skor IQ subjek adalah 97,84 ± 8,28 (79–118) dengan peringkat dominan RSPM III− (44,4%). Rata-rata skor perilaku antisosial subjek adalah 56,07 ± 11,79 (34–86) dengan agresivitas fisik sebagai subtipe dominan (54,3%). Tidak ditemukan korelasi bermakna antara peringkat IQ dan ketiga subtipe perilaku antisosial: agresivitas fisik (ρ=0,139; p=0,215), agresivitas sosial (ρ=0,106; p=0,348), serta pelanggaran aturan (ρ=−0,058; p=0,607). Simpulan: Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara IQ dan perilaku antisosial pada sampel ini. Perbedaan dengan studi lain dapat disebabkan oleh homogenitas sampel, bias self-report, konteks LPKA, serta penggunaan RSPM singkat. Faktor non-kognitif kemungkinan lebih berperan, sehingga pembinaan perlu menitikberatkan pada intervensi psikososial dan penguatan kontrol diri. Penelitian multisitus multivariat dianjurkan.
Kata kunci: remaja laki-laki, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), perilaku antisosial, Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA)


Introduction: Male adolescents are prone to antisocial behavior due to neurocognitive immaturity; delayed prefrontal cortex development compared to the limbic system, and elevated testosterone levels during puberty. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is thought to influence behavioral control through executive functions. In correctional settings, this vulnerability is intensified by exposure to high-risk environments and limited access to quality education. This study aimed to examine the correlation between IQ and antisocial behavior among male adolescents at LPKA Class I Tangerang. Methods: A cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling was applied to male residents of LPKA Tangerang. IQ was measured using the Shortened Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (15 items) and antisocial behavior was assessed with the Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior questionnaire (32 items). Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Spearman’s correlation. Results: 81 male participants aged 17,37 ± 1,11 years (14–19) were included, most with secondary school as their highest education (51,9%). The mean IQ was 97,84 ± 8,28 (79– 118) with RSPM rank III− predominant (44,4%). The mean antisocial score was 56,07 ± 11,79 (34–86) and physical aggression was the dominant subtype (54,3%). No significant correlations were found between IQ rank and antisocial subtypes: physical aggression (ρ=0,139; p=0,215), social aggression (ρ=0,106; p=0,348), rule-breaking (ρ=−0,058; p=0,607). Conclusion: IQ was not significantly related to antisocial behavior. Differences from prior studies may reflect sample homogenity, self-report bias, the correctional context, and use of a brief nonverbal IQ test. Non-cognitive factors likely play a greater role; thus, psychosocial and self-control interventions are recommended.
Key words: male adolescents, Intelligence Quotient (IQ), antisocial behavior, youth correctional facility