Skripsi

Prevalensi Dan Derajat Keparahan Efek Samping Anemia Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Multidrugresistant(Mdr) Yang Menerima Regimen Linezolid Di Indonesia = Prevalence And Severity Of Anemia Adverse Effects In Patients With Multidrug-Resistant (Mdr) Tuberculosis Receiving Linezolid Treatment In Indonesia.

Tuberkulosis multidrug-resistant (TB MDR) adalah resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap setidaknya isoniazid dan rifampisin dan merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. World Health Organization dan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia merekomendasikan linezolid sebagai bagian terapi lini pertama TB MDR. Meskipun efektif, linezolid berpotensi menimbulkan beberapa efek samping, di antaranya, anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi prevalensi, derajat keparahan, dan awitan anemia, serta mengeksplorasi hubungan berat badan dengan kejadian anemia pada pasien TB MDR yang menerima regimen linezolid di Indonesia. Metode Studi potong lintang ini menggunakan data laporan monitoring efek samping obat pasien TB MDR yang diterima Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia dari tahun 2020–2024. Pengolahan data menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 untuk melakukan analisis deskriptif dan uji chi-square (signifikansi < 0,05). Hasil Sebanyak 3.256 subjek diperoleh dari total 4.081 data yang telah disesuaikan dengan kriteria eligibilitas. Prevalensi efek samping anemia pada pasien TB MDR yang mendapatkan regimen linezolid di Indonesia ditemukan sebesar 63,5% dengan prevalensi anemia berat, sedang, dan ringan berturut-turut 37,1%, 43,5%, dan 19,4%. Median awitan anemia terjadi 13,5 (0,14–91,86) minggu semenjak awal pengobatan dengan linezolid. Hasil eksplorasi menunjukkan proporsi kejadian anemia yang lebih besar pada kelompok berat badan 38–54 kg dibandingkan kelompok ≤ 37 kg (p = 0,004). Kesimpulan Prevalensi efek samping anemia pada pasien TB MDR yang menerima regimen linezolid di Indonesia ditemukan tinggi sebesar 63,5%, mayoritas mengalami anemia derajat sedang (43,5%). Awitan anemia terjadi dalam 13,5 (0,14–91,86) minggu setelah pengobatan dengan linezolid.
Kata Kunci: Anemia, Efek Samping, Linezolid, Tuberkulosis multidrug-resistant.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin is known as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). It remains a major global problem, including in Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indonesian Ministry of Health recommend linezolid as the first-line treatment for MDR-TB, which has been implemented worldwide, including in Indonesia. Although effective, linezolid causes adverse reactions, particularly anemia. This study aimed to observe the prevalence, severity, and onset of anemia and explore the association between body weight and anemia in Indonesian patients with MDR-TB receiving linezolid. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted using adverse drug reaction monitoring reports of patients with MDR-TB from 2020 to 2024 submitted to the Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 29.0 for descriptive analysis and chi-square tests at the 0.05 level. Results A total of 3,256 eligible subjects were included from 4,081 reports. The prevalence of anemia in patients with MDR-TB receiving linezolid was 63.5%, with severe, moderate, and mild anemia being 37.1%, 43.5%, and 19.4%, respectively. The median onset of anemia was 13.5 weeks (0.14–91.86 weeks) after the initiation of linezolid. Exploratory analysis showed a higher proportion of anemia in the 38–54 kg group compared with the ≤37 kg group (p = 0.004). Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among patients with MDR-TB receiving linezolid in Indonesia was 63.5%, with moderate anemia as the most common severity (43.5%). Anemia typically occurred within 13.5 weeks (0.14–91.86 weeks) of treatment initiation.
Keywords: Anemia, Adverse event, Linezolid, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis