Tesis

Asosiasi Kadar Kolinesterase dengan Opasitas Lensa pada Petani yang Terpajan Organofosfat.

Latar Belakang: Paparan pestisida organofosfat, yang menghambat asetilkolin esterase (AChE), berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan petani yang bekerja di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Paparan ini juga dapat memengaruhi penglihatan mereka. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kadar ChE dan kekeruhan lensa, serta kaitan karakteristik individu dengan kekeruhan lensa pada petani yang bekerja di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada tahun 2024, di mana petani dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen penelitian dan catatan medis, dengan deteksi ChE dalam darah dan kekeruhan lensa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil: Sebanyak lima puluh satu petani yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata kadar ChE sebesar 7,88 ± 1,35 U/mL dan kekeruhan lensa sebesar 2,1 (rentang 0,2–6,7). Terdapat korelasi sedang antara perubahan kadar ChE dan kekeruhan lensa (r = 0,54; p < 0,001). Dari karakteristik individu yang diteliti, termasuk usia, lama kerja, dan riwayat merokok, hanya kadar gula darah yang menunjukkan korelasi dengan kekeruhan lensa (r = 0,54; p < 0,001). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kadar ChE (p < 0,001) dan kadar glukosa darah (p = 0,02) memengaruhi kekeruhan lensa. Kesimpulan: Temuan kami menekankan pentingnya pemantauan kadar kolinesterase dan glukosa darah pada petani kelapa sawit untuk mengurangi risiko kekeruhan lensa akibat paparan organofosfat. Penelitian tambahan diperlukan untuk mengetahui dampak jangka panjang paparan pestisida terhadap kekeruhan lensa, yang dapat memberikan pemahaman penting tentang konsekuensi dari paparan pestisida dalam jangka panjang.
Kata kunci: organofosfat, pestisida, kolinesterase, kekeruhan lensa, petani kelapa sawit


Background: Exposure to organophosphate pesticides, which inhibit acetylcholine esterase (AChE), negatively impacts the health of farmers employed in palm oil fields. This exposure may also impact their vision. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ChE levels and lens opacity, as well as the association of individual characteristics with lens opacity among farmers employed in palm oil farms. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in year 2024, in which farmers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using research instruments and medical records, with the detection of ChE in blood and lens opacity. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Fifty-one farmers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria indicated a mean reduction in ChE levels of 7.88 ± 1.35 U/mL and lens opacity of 2.1 (range 0.2-6.7). A moderate correlation existed between differences in ChE levels and lens opacity (r = 0.54; p < 0.001). Of the individual characteristics examined, including age, duration of employment, and smoking history, only blood sugar level showed a correlation with lens opacity (r = 0.54; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that alterations in ChE levels (p < 0.001) and blood glucose levels (p = 0.02) effected lens opacity. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the necessity of monitoring cholinesterase and blood glucose levels in palm oil farmers to mitigate the risk of lens opacity resulting from organophosphate exposure. Additional research is required to ascertain the long-term effects of pesticide exposure on lens opacity, offering critical understanding of the consequences of prolonged pesticide exposure.
Keywords: organophosphate, pesticides, cholinesterase, lens opacity, palm oil farmers