Tesis

Hubungan Perubahan Pola Makan pada Puasa Ramadhan Terhadap Gejala Klinis Pasien Dispepsia Fungsional = Relationship of Dietary Pattern Changes During Ramadhan Fasting to Clinical Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia Patients.

Latar Belakang: Dispepsia fungsional merupakan gangguan saluran cerna bagian atas yang ditandai dengan ketidaknyamanan tanpa adanya kelainan organik. Puasa Ramadhan diketahui dapat memengaruhi pola makan dan kondisi psikologis seseorang, yang keduanya berpotensi memperbaiki maupun memperburuk gejala dispepsia. Namun, data mengenai pengaruh spesifik perubahan pola makan selama Ramadhan terhadap gejala klinis dispepsia fungsional masih terbatas. Metode: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan perubahan pola makan selama Ramadhan terhadap gejala dispepsia fungsional. Desain yang digunakan adalah kohort prospektif melibatkan 42 pasien dispepsia fungsioal di RSCM-FKUI. Data dikumpulkan sebelum dan setelah 15 hari puasa Ramadhan 2025 menggunakan kuesioner Short Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ) untuk menilai gejala, Healthy Eating Index (HEI) untuk kualitas diet, serta food record yang dianalisis dengan Nutrisurvey. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji T berpasangan atau Wilcoxon serta uji korelasi Pearson atau Spearman sesuai distribusi data. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan skor SF-LDQ yang signifikan setelah Ramadhan (< 0.001), menunjukkan perbaikan gejala dispepsia. yang menandakan perbaikan gejala dispepsia. Penurunan asupan kalori dan lemak berkorelasi positif dengan penurunan skor gejala dispepsia. Sementara itu, peningkatan skor HEI tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan perubahan gejala. Kesimpulan: Puasa Ramadhan berpotensi memberikan efek positif terhadap gejala dispepsia fungsional, terutama melalui penurunan asupan energi dan lemak. Meski demikian, pengaturan pola makan yang seimbang tetap diperlukan untuk memaksimalkan manfaat puasa. Hasil ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi edukasi nutrisi dan manajemen pasien dispepsia fungsional selama Ramadhan.
Kata Kunci: Dispepsia Fungsional, Puasa Ramadhan, Pola Makan, Healthy Eating Index, SF-LDQ, Nutrisurvey


Background: Functional dyspepsia is an upper gastrointestinal disorder characterized by discomfort without any detectable organic abnormalities. Ramadhan fasting is known to influence dietary patterns and psychological conditions, both of which have the potential to either improve or worsen dyspepsia symptoms. However, data on the specific impact of dietary changes during Ramadhan on the clinical symptoms of functional dyspepsia remain limited. Methods: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary changes during Ramadhan and functional dyspepsia symptoms. A prospective cohort design was employed, involving 42 functional dyspepsia patients at RSCM-FKUI. Data were collected before and after the first 15 days of Ramadhan 2025 using the Short Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ) to assess symptoms, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to evaluate diet quality, and food record analyzed with Nutrisurvey software. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon tests, as well as Pearson or Spearman correlation tests according to data distribution. Results: There was a significant decrease in SF-LDQ scores after Ramadhan (p < 0.001), indicating symptom improvement. Reductions in calorie and fat intake showed a positive correlation with decreased dyspepsia scores. In contrast, an increase in HEI scores was not significantly associated with symptom changes. Conclusion: Ramadhan fasting may have a positive effect on functional dyspepsia symptoms, particularly through reductions in energy and fat intake. Nevertheless, balanced dietary management remains essential to optimize the benefits of fasting. These findings can serve as a scientific basis for nutritional education and management of functional dyspepsia patients during Ramadhan.
Keywords:Functional Dyspepsia, Ramadhan Fasting, Dietary Pattern, Healthy Eating Index, SF-LDQ, Nutrisurvey