Tesis

Faal paru pada pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan Pusat Respirasi Nasional = Lung function in hypertension patient at Persahabatan Hospital National Respiratory Center.

Latar belakang: Penyakit hipertensi memiliki prevalens yang tinggi diseluruh dunia, data terbaru menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 1,28 miliar orang usia dewasa 30- 79 tahun diseluruh dunia mengidap hipertensi. Hipertensi juga memiliki hubungan dengan penurunan fungsi paru seperti volume ekspirasi paksa detik pertama (VEP1) dan kapasitas vital paksa (KVP). Tingginya prevalens hipertensi di Indonesia menjadikan gangguan faal paru pada pasien hipertensi penting untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faal paru pada pasien hipertensi di rumah sakit persahabatan pusat respirasi nasional (RSPPRN). Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan subjek pasien hipertensi yang berkunjung ke poliklinik jantung di RSPPRN periode April sampai Juni 2024. Pemeriksaan faal paru dilakukan dengan tindakan spirometri. Hasil: Sebanyak 138 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan data sebanyak 56 (40,6%) subjek penelitian mengalami gangguan faal paru dengan mayoritas gangguan restriksi pada 35 (25,3%) subjek penelitiam diikuti gangguan obstruksi pada 11 (8%) subjek penelitian dan gangguan campuran pada 10 (7,3%) subjek penelitian. Derajat gangguan obstruksi terbanyak adalah obstruksi ringan dengan 18 (13%) subjek penelitian diikuti obstruksi sedang 3 (2,2%) subjek penelitian. Obstruksi irreversibel didapatkan pada 20 (14,5%) subjek penelitian. Obstruksi reversibel didapatkan pada 1 (0,7%) subjek penelitian. Gangguan restriksi ringan didapatkan pada 40 (29%) subjek penelitian diikuti restriksi sedang pada 5 (3,6%) subjek penelitian. Tidak terdapat gangguan obstruksi dan restriksi berat pada penelitian ini. Gangguan campuran terdapat 10 (7,2%) subjek penelitian. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa nilai tricuspid annular plane systolic (TAPSE), diabetes melitus (DM) dan chronic kidney disease (CKD) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik dengan faal paru. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan nilai TAPSE dan indeks brinkman sedang memiliki hasil yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 56 (40,6%) subjek pasien hipertensi mengalami gangguan faal paru. Gangguan obstruksi paru didapatkan pada 11 (8%) subjek penelitian. Gangguan restriksi paru didapatkan pada 35 (25,3%) subjek penelitian. Gangguan campuran didapatkan pada 10 (7,3%) subjek penelitian. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dari nilai TAPSE dari pemeriksaan ekokardiografi dan indeks brinkman sedang dengan nilai faal paru. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dari faktor usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, nilai ejection fraction, jumlah obat hipertensi, status merokok, DM, CKD dan chronic heart failure (CHF).
Kata kunci : faal paru, hipertensi, spirometri


Background: Hypertension has a high prevalence throughout the world, the latest data shows that around 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide suffer from hypertension. Hypertension is also associated with decreased lung function such as first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). The high prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia makes pulmonary function disorders in hypertension patients important for further research. This study was to determine the description of lung function in hypertension patients at Persahabatan Hospital National Respiratory Center. Method: This study used a cross-sectional method with subjects as hypertension patients who visited the cardiac polyclinic at Persahabatan Hospital National Respiratory Center for the period April to June 2024. Lung function examination using spirometry. Results: A total of 138 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was obtained as many as 56 subjects (40.6%) experienced lung function disorders with the majority being restriction disorders in 35 subjects (25.3%) followed by obstruction disorders in 11 subjects (8%) and mixed disorders in 10 subjects (7.3%). The highest degree of obstruction was mild obstruction with 18 subjects (13%) followed by moderate obstruction with 3 subjects (2.2%). Irreversible obstruction was 20 subjects (14.5%). Reversible obstruction was 1 subject (0.7%). Mild restriction disorders were found in 40 subjects (29%) followed by moderate restrictions in 5 subjects (3.6%). There were no severe obstruction or restriction disorders in this study. Mixed disorders were found in 10 subjects (7.2%). Bivariate analysis showed that tricuspid annular plane systolic (TAPSE) score, diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) had a statistically significant relationship with lung function. Multivariate analysis showed that TAPSE score and moderate brinkman index had a significant relationship. Conclusion: This study was found that 56 (40.6%) subjects with hypertension experienced lung function disorders. Obstruction lung disorders were found in 11 (8%) study subjects. Restrictiction lung disorders were found in 35 (25.3%) study subjects. Mixed lung disorders were found in 10 (7.3%) research subjects. Lung restriction disorders were found in 35 (25.3%) research subjects. Mixed disorders were found in 10 (7.3%) research subjects. There is a significant relationship between TAPSE score from echocardiography examination and moderate Brinkman Index with lung function value. There was no significant relationship between the factors age, gender, body mass index, ejection fraction score, number of hypertension medications, smoking status, DM, CKD and chronic heart failure (CHF).
Keywords: hypertension, lung function, spirometry