Tesis

Validasi dan Pengukuran Efektivitas Chatbot sebagai Media Edukasi HIV/IMS = Validation and Measurement of Chatbot Effectiveness as an Educational Tool for HIV/STIs.

Latar belakang: Deteksi dini infeksi HIV dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS) penting untuk menurunkan angka mortalitas dan menekan beban biaya kesehatan. Rendahnya pengetahuan kesehatan menjadi penghalang utama. Edukasi melalui chatbot di media sosial dapat menjadi solusi yang mendukung layanan kesehatan. Tujuan: Menilai validitas dan efektivitas chatbot dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan HIV/IMS. Metode: Materi chatbot disusun berdasarkan publikasi WHO, diintegrasikan dalam WhatsApp dan Telegram. Validasi meliputi aspek konten (oleh 19 pakar), teknis, pengguna melalui kuesioner System Uusability Score/SUS, serta uji coba terbatas pada 33 mahasiswa kedokteran. Efektivitas diukur melalui studi non-randomized controlled trial terhadap 165 siswa SMA dalam tiga kelompok intervensi: penyuluhan HIV/IMS langsung, chatbot, dan penyuluhan malaria sebagai plasebo. Hasil: Konten dinilai sudah sesuai oleh mayoritas pakar. Terdapat kendala teknis pada WhatsApp namun tidak pada Telegram. Skor kepuasan pengguna (SUS) lebih tinggi pada Telegram (skor 80,71/kategori baik). Uji coba terbatas menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna skor pengetahuan (p < 0,001). Efektivitas chatbot lebih baik dibandingkan plasebo dan sebanding dengan penyuluhan HIV/IMS langsung. Simpulan: Chatbot di media sosial, terutama melalui Telegram, valid dan efektif sebagai media edukasi HIV/IMS yang sebanding dengan penyuluhan konvensional.
Kata kunci: validasi, efektivitas, chatbot, edukasi HIV/IMS.


Background: Early detection of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is essential to reduce mortality rates and alleviate the healthcare cost burden. Limited health knowledge remains a major barrier. Chatbot-based education via social media may serve as a supportive solution for health services. Objective: To evaluate the validity and effectiveness of a chatbot in improving HIV/STI knowledge. Methods: Chatbot content was developed based on WHO publications and integrated into WhatsApp and Telegram platforms. Validation involved content review by 19 experts, technical assessment, user evaluation via the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, and a limited trial with 33 medical students. Effectiveness was assessed through a non-randomized controlled trial involving 165 high school students divided into three intervention groups: direct HIV/STI counseling, chatbot-based education, and malaria counseling as placebo. Results: The majority of experts rated the content as appropriate. Technical issues were encountered on WhatsApp but not on Telegram. User satisfaction scores (SUS) were higher for Telegram (score 80.71/good category). The limited trial showed a significant increase in knowledge scores (p < 0.001). Chatbot effectiveness was superior to the placebo and comparable to direct HIV/STI counseling. Conclusion: A social media-based chatbot, particularly via Telegram, is valid and effective as an HIV/STI educational tool, with comparable impact to conventional counseling.
Keywords: validation, effectiveness, chatbot, HIV/STI education