Tesis

Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Pada Pekerja Loose oose Fruit Collectors Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit-Kalimantan Barat PT.X = Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Complaints Among Loose Fruit Collectors and Related Factors in Palm Oil Plantation, PT.X, West Kalimantan.

Pendahuluan: Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) merupakan hal umum yang dapat terjadi pada berbagai jenis pekerjaan, termasuk jenis pekerjaan Loose Fruit Collectors (LFC) pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Tujuan: Untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada pekerja Loose Fruit Collectors (LFC) Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT.X-Kalimantan Barat. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan di PT.X dengan menggunakan metode simple random sampling yang melibatkan 256 peserta. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 70 responden diambil. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, observasi, dan pengukuran langsung menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map, kuesioner Kelelahan Kerja Alat Ukur Perasaan Kelelahan Kerja (KAUPK2), Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), kuesioner Kebiasaan Olahraga. Hasil: Subyek 70 peserta menunjukkan Tingkat Keluhan MSDs: 2,9% tidak ada keluhan, 85,7% keluhan ringan, 7,1% keluhan sedang dan 4,3% keluhan berat. Distribusi lokasi tubuh pekerja yang mengalami keluhan paling banyak ditemui keluhan adalah area pinggang sebanyak 75,7%, punggung (52,9%), lutut kanan (51,4%), dan lutut kiri (50,0%). Sementara lokasi yang paling sedikit ditemui keluhan adalah siku kiri 12,9%. Pada faktor usia didapati: lebih dari setengah (67,1%) telah berusia 30 tahun atau lebih. Pada masa kerja didapati: 44,3% bekerja selama 1 -5 tahun. 28,6% bekerja selama 6-10 tahun, dan 27,1% bekerja selama lebih dari 10 tahun. Pada IMT didapati: 57,1% pekerja memiliki IMT kurang dari 25 kg/m2, sisanya 42,9% memiliki IMT 25 kg/m2 atau lebih. Pada kelelahan kerja ditemukan: 85,7% mengalami kelelahan akibat bekerja, dan 8,6% pekerja dengan tingkat kelelahan yang berat atau merasa sangat lelah dan 5,7% pekerja dengan tingkat kelelahan yang normal. Pada pengukuran ergonomi didapati: mayoritas pekerja (95,7%) memiliki risiko ergonomi yang memerlukan tindakan dalam waktu dekat, dan 4,3% memiliki risiko ergonomi dalam beberapa waktu kedepan mungkin diperlukan tindakan. Pada Faktor kebiasaan olahraga terdapat: 30% pekerja memiliki kebiasaan olahraga secara rutin. Faktor yang berkaitan dengan Keluhan MSDs adalah faktor risiko usia (p=0,026; OR (95%CI))= 6,79 (1,25-36,76) dan Tingkat risiko ergonomi menggunakan metode OWAS (p=0,046; OR (95%CI)=4,79 (1,03-22,36) Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko usia (p=0,026) dan tingkat risiko ergonomi (p=0,046) berhubungan dengan keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Faktor yang tidak berhubungan adalah masa kerja (p=0,188), IMT (p=0,652), kelelahan kerja (p=0,676) dan kebiasaan olahraga (p=0,744).
Kata kunci: faktor-faktor risiko, keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), perkebunan kelapa sawit


Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) complaints are common and can occur in various types of work, including Loose Fruit Collectors (LFC) in palm oil plantations. Objective: To investigate the factors associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) complaints among Loose Fruit Collectors (LFC) in PT.X Palm Oil Plantation, West Kalimantan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at PT.X using simple random sampling, involving 256 participants. A total of 70 respondents were selected. Data were collected using questionnaires, observations, and direct measurements with the Nordic Body Map questionnaire, the Work Fatigue Measurement Tool (KAUPK2), Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), and the Exercise Habit Questionnaire. Results: Among the 70 participants, the MSDs complaint levels were as follows: 2.9% had no complaints, 85.7% had mild complaints, 7.1% had moderate complaints, and 4.3% had severe complaints. The body locations with the most complaints were the waist (75.7%), back (52.9%), right knee (51.4%), and left knee (50.0%). The least common complaints were in the left elbow (12.9%). Regarding age, more than half (67.1%) were aged 30 years or older. Regarding work duration, 44.3% worked for 1 -5 years, 28.6% worked for 6-10 years, and 27.1% worked for more than 10 years. Regarding BMI, 57.1% of workers had a BMI of less than 25 kg/m², while 42.9% had a BMI of 25 kg/m² or higher. Regarding work fatigue, 85.7% experienced fatigue due to work, with 8.6% reporting severe fatigue (very tired) and 5.7% reporting normal fatigue levels. In ergonomic measurements, it was found that the majority of workers (95.7%) had an ergonomic risk that required immediate action, while 4.3% had a potential ergonomic risk that may require action in the future. Regarding exercise habits, 30% of workers exercised regularly. The factors related to MSD complaints were age (p=0.026; OR (95% CI) = 6.79 (1.25-36.76)) and ergonomic risk level using the OWAS method (p=0.046; OR (95% CI) = 4.79 (1.03-22.36)). Conclusion: The risk factors of age (p=0.026) and ergonomic risk level (p=0.046) were associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) complaints. Factors not associated with MSDs complaints included work duration (p=0.188), BMI (p=0.652), work fatigue (p=0.676), and exercise habits (p=0.744).
Key words: risk factors, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) complaints, palm oil plantation