Tesis

Analisis faktor risiko kejadian stres serta manfaat Progressive Muscle Relaxation terhadap perubahan skor stres pada penerbang sipil di Indonesia = An Analysis of Stress-Related Risk Factors and the Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Changes in Stress Scores Among Civilian Pilots in Indonesia.

Pendahuluan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proporsi kejadian stres, hubungan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian stres, serta manfaat teknik relaksasi PMR terhadap perubahan skor stres pada penerbang sipil di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua tahapan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang untuk penelitian tahap pertama dan satu grup pre-post test untuk tahap kedua. Metode. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan, Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia, dari tanggal 10 maret sampai dengan 07 juni tahun 2025 terhadap 226 penerbang yang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Data 226 penerbang digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko dan hubungannya dengan kejadian stres, dan 9 penerbang yang terindikasi stres dilatih dengan prosedur intervensi yaitu Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) kemudian dilanjutkan secara mandiri dua kali per minggu selama empat minggu untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap perubahan skor stres. Data faktor risiko diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner yang terdiri atas usia, lama kerja, jam terbang dan status pernikahan. Pengukuran tingkat stres dilakukan dengan kuesioner SRQ-20 versi Bahasa Indonesia. Pada populasi intervensi pengukuran tingkat stres dilakukan sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Pengukuran proporsi kejadian stres dilakukan dengan menghitung proporsi penerbang yang memiliki skor SRQ-20 ≥ 5. Analisis hubungan faktor risiko menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan uji Fisher’s dan manfaat teknik PMR terhadap perubahan skor stres menggunakan uji T Berpasangan. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan penilaian terhadap 5 faktor dimensi SRQ-20 pada populasi. Hasil. Dari 226 penerbang terdapat 7.5% yang memiliki skor SRQ-20 ≥ 5. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara faktor risiko usia, lama kerja, jam terbang dan status pernikahan dengan kejadian stres pada penerbang. Sebelum intervensi dilakukan, rerata skor stres pada populasi intervensi adalah sebesar 6.88 ± 2.167, dan setelah intervensi rerata skor stres sebesar 2.75 ± 2.493 (p=0.007). dari 5 faktor dimensi SRQ- 20, faktor energi menjadi yang paling terdampak yaitu sebesar 38.5% pada responden secara keseluruhan dan 100% pada responden yang mengalami stres. Kesimpulan. Proporsi kejadian stres pada penerbang sipil di Indonesia adalah 7.5%. Usia, lama kerja, jam terbang dan status pernikahan tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian stres pada penerbang. Teknik relaksasi PMR berpengaruh dalam menurunkan skor stres pada penerbang. Perlu dilakukan kontrol terhadap faktor yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan energi pada penerbang.
Kata kunci: Stres, Penerbang Sipil, Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Faktor Risiko


Introduction. This study was conducted to determine the proportion ofstress occurrence, examine the association between risk factors and stress incidence, and assess the effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) techniques on changes in stress scores among civilian pilots in Indonesia. The research was carried out in two phases: the first phase employed a cross-sectional design, and the second phase utilized a one-group pretestposttest design. Methods. Data collection took place at the Aviation Medical Center, Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, between March 10 and June 7, 2025. A total of 226 pilots undergoing routine medical examinations were included. Data from all 226 pilots were analyzed to identify risk factors and their associations with stress incidence. Among them, 9 pilots who were identified as experiencing stress received PMR intervention training and were instructed to continue the technique independently twice per week for 4 weeks. Risk factor data—including age, years of service, flight hours, and marital status—were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Stress levels were assessed using the Indonesian version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). In the intervention group, stress scores were measured before and after the intervention. The proportion of stress was defined as the percentage of pilots with an SRQ-20 score ≥ 5. The association between risk factors and stress incidence was analyzed using Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test, while the effect of PMR on stress score changes was assessed using a paired t-test. An analysis of the five SRQ-20 dimension factors was also conducted in the study population. Results. Among the 226 pilots, 7.5% had SRQ-20 scores ≥ 5. No significant association was found between any of the risk factors (age, years of service, flight hours, or marital status) and the incidence of stress. In the intervention group, the mean stress score prior to the intervention was 6.88 ± 2.167, which decreased to 2.75 ± 2.493 following the PMR program (p = 0.007). Of the five SRQ-20 dimensions, the energy-related factor was the most affected, with 38.5% of all respondents and 100% of stressed respondents reporting symptoms in this dimension. Conclusion. The proportion of stress among civilian pilots in Indonesia was 7.5%. No significant association was observed between stress incidence and the variables of age, length of service, flight hours, or marital status. PMR was found to be effective in reducing stress scores among pilots. It is recommended that factors contributing to decreased energy levels in pilots be further evaluated and managed.
Keywords: Stress, Civilian Pilots, Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Risk Factors