Tesis

Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Demensia Alzheimer, Vaskular dan Campuran Menggunakan Kuesioner Quality ofLife- Alzheimer Disease (QoL-AD) Versi Indonesia dan Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan = Quality of Life in Patients with Alzheimer’s, Vascular, and Mixed Dementia Using the Indonesian Version of the Quality of Life- Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD) Questionnaire and Its Associated Factors.

Latar belakang. Demensia menjadi beban kesehatan dan sosioekonomi secara global seiring peningkatan angka harapan hidup dengan subtipe demensia Alzheimer, demensia vaskular dan campuran keduanya (demensia campuran) paling sering ditemui. Penilaian kualitas hidup penting dilakukan dengan penilaian terbaik melibatkan laporan langsung dari pasien dan keluarga atau pengasuh. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang diketahui berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pasien demensia yaitu faktor demografis, faktor fisik, faktor psikologis dan emosional serta faktor sosial dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup pasien demensia Alzheimer, demensia vaskular dan demensia campuran serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada April hingga Juni 2025 di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Dilakukan evaluasi faktor demografis, fisik, psikologis dan emosional serta sosial dan lingkungan dan penilaian kualitas hidup pasien dengan demensia Alzheimer, vaskular dan campuran menggunakan kuesioner Quality of Life-Alzheimer Disease (QoL-AD) versi Indonesia. Selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian hubungannya dengan kualitas hidup pasien. Hasil. Dari 78 subjek berusia rerata 71.22 ± 10.14 tahun, mayoritas perempuan dengan tingkat pendidikan ≤12 tahun dan tipe demensia campuran. Sebagian besar mempunyai 3-4 komorbid, polifarmasi dengan keluhan tanpa nyeri hingga nyeri ringan serta status nutrisi obesitas. Gejala psikologis dan emosional tersering yaitu iritabilitas, depresi dan halusinasi. Mayoritas subjek tinggal dirumah sendiri dengan rerata usia pengasuh 51.17 ± 14.24 tahun, relasi utama anak kandung, tingkat pendidikan pengasuh ≤12 tahun. Rerata skor QoL-AD pasien 32 ± 4.67, pengasuh 31.3 ± 6.22 dan gabungan 31.7 ± 4.27 (kualitas hidup terbaik dengan skor 52). Rerata skor total demensia Alzheimer 32 (22-40), demensia vaskular 31 (23-41) dan demensia campuran 33 (21 -37) (kualitas hidup terbaik dengan skor 52). Faktor yang signifikan berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup adalah tingkat kemandirian ADL, IADL serta gangguan psikiatri dan emosional. Kesimpulan. Penilaian kualitas hidup menggunakan instrumen QoL-AD pada pasien demensia Alzheimer, vaskular dan campuran didapatkan hubungan bermakna yang signifikan pada tingkat kemandirian ADL, IADL serta gangguan psikiatri dan emosional.
Kata Kunci: Demensia Alzheimer, demensia vaskular, demensia campuran, kualitas hidup


Background. Dementia is a global health and socioeconomic burden, which increases with rising life expectancy. Alzheimer’s, vascular and mixed dementia are the most commonly encountered subtypes. Assessing patients’ quality of life (QoL) is essential, ideally involving both patients and caregivers. Several factors are known to be associated with the quality of life in dementia patients, including demographic, physical, psychological and emotional, as well as social and environmental factors. This study aims to evaluate QoL in dementia patients and the associated influencing factors. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2025 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta. Evaluations included demographic, physical, psychological and emotional, social, and environmental factors. The patients’ quality of life was assessed using the Indonesian version of the Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD) questionnaire, followed by analysis of its association with quality of life. Results. Among 78 subjects (mean age of 71.22 ± 10.14 years), most were female with an education level of ≤ 12 years and had mixed type dementia. Most had 3-4 comorbidities, were on polypharmacy, reported no pain to mild pain, and had an obese nutritional status. The most common psychological and emotional symptoms were irritability, depression, and hallucinations. The majority of subjects lived at home, with the average caregiver age being 51.17 ± 14.24 years. The primary relationship was biological children, and caregivers had an education level of ≤12 years. The average QoL-AD (Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease) score was 32 ± 4.67 for patients, 31.3 ± 6.22 for caregivers, and 31.7 ± 4.27 combined (with 52 being the best quality of life score). The average total score was 3 2 (22–40) for Alzheimer's dementia, 31 (23–41) for vascular dementia, and 33 (21 –37) for mixed dementia (with 52 being the best quality of life score). Factors significantly associated with quality of life were independence in ADL, IADL, and psychiatric and emotional disturbances. Conclusion. Quality of life assessed using the QoL-AD instrument in patients with Alzheimer’s, vascular, and mixed dementia showed a significant association with levels of independence in ADL and IADL, as well as psychiatric and emotional disturbances.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s dementia, vascular dementia, mixed dementia, quality of life