Tesis

Efek Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. terhadap Pencegahan Degenerasi Otot pada Model Tikus Penuaan yang diberikan D-Galaktosa dan Diet Tinggi Lemak melalui Jalur IGF-1 = The Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on Attenuation of Muscle Degeneration in Aging Rat Models Induced by D-Galactose and High-Fat Diet through the IGF-1 Pathway.

Latar Belakang: Seiring bertambah usia terjadi degenerasi otot melalui mekanisme disregulasi metabolisme protein, inflamasi kronis dan kerusakan jaringan. Penuaan otot menyebabkan penurunan kekuatan fisik, risiko jatuh dan kehilangan kemandirian serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Pola hidup modern saat ini, konsumsi makanan tinggi gula dan tinggi lemak serta kurang aktivitas fisik turut mempercepat proses penuaan. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) atau rosela kaya kandungan antioksidan dan memiliki potensi untuk menghambat proses penuaan melalui mekanisme antiinflamasi dan perlindungan seluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek HSL terhadap perubahan struktural dan molekuler jaringan otot pada model tikus penuaan. Metode: Sebanyak 36 tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: NM (kontrol muda), NAg (kontrol tua), Ag1 (D-gal), Ag2 (D-gal + HFD), serta Ag1.H (perlakuan HSL 1) dan Ag2.H (perlakuan HSL 2). HSL diberikan per oral selama 6 minggu. Penilaian struktural melalui rasio massa otot, ukuran serat otot dan distribusi tipe serat otot MyHC secara histologi. Penilaian molekuler melalui ekspresi SABG, kadar IGF-1 dan myostatin menggunakan Western Blot dan ELISA. Hasil: Pemberian ekstrak HSL menunjukkan potensi preventif terhadap degenerasi otot pada fase awal penuaan, tampak pada model penuaan induksi D-Gal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar IGF-1, rasio massa otot dan proporsi serat MyHC-1 pada Ag1.H dibandingkan dengan kontrol muda. Kadar IGF-1 pada kelompok perlakuan HSL lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model penuaan dan kontrol tua. Kesimpulan: HSL menunjukkan potensi anti penuaan pada otot melalui regulasi IGF-1 memperbaiki sintesis protein. Namun, belum cukup kuat untuk memperbaiki perubahan struktural otot pada kondisi penuaan yang diperberat oleh diet tinggi lemak.
Kata Kunci: Model penuaan; MyHC; rosela; SABG; sarkopenia


Background: Aging is associated with muscle degeneration driven by protein metabolism dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and tissue damage. Age-related muscle loss leads to reduced physical strength, increased risk of falls, loss of independence, and diminished quality of life. Modern lifestyle factors, such as high sugar and fat intake and low physical activity, accelerate this process. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL), or roselle, is rich in antioxidants and has the potential to delay aging via anti-inflammatory and cellular protective mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the effects of HSL on structural and molecular changes in skeletal muscle in the aging rat model Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: NM (young control), NAg (old control), Ag1 (D-Gal), Ag2 (D-Gal + HFD), Ag1.H (HSL treatment 1), and Ag2.H (HSL treatment 2). HSL was administered orally for 6 weeks. Structural parameters were assessed through muscle mass ratio, fiber size, and fiber type distribution (MyHC) using histology. Molecular markers were evaluated by SABG expression, IGF-1, and myostatin levels using Western Blot and ELISA. Results: Oral administration of HSL extract showed preventive potential against early-stage muscle degeneration, especially in the D-Gal-induced aging model. No significant differences were observed in IGF-1, muscle mass ratio, or MyHC-1 fiber proportion between Ag1.H and young controls. IGF-1 levels were notably higher in the HSL-treated group compared to aging models and old controls. Conclusion: HSL exhibits anti-aging potential in skeletal muscle through IGF-1 regulation and enhanced protein synthesis. However, it was not sufficient to reverse structural muscle changes in aging aggravated by high-fat diet-induced inflammation.
Key words: Accelerated aging; MyHC; rosela; SABG; sarcopenia