Tesis

Analisis Disabilitas pada Pekerja Laki Laki Pandai Besi yang Mengalami Nyeri Bahu dan Faktor Resiko yang Mempengaruhi = Analysis Of Disability In Male Blacksmith Workers Experiencing Shoulder Pain And The Risk Factors That Influence It.

Latar Belakang: Pandai besi tradisional termasuk industri kecil dengan modal usaha terbatas dan sistem manajemen kesehatan yang rendah. Pada pelaksanaan produksinya didominasi kegiatan manual material handling. Perlu diindentifikasi penyebab atau faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya disabilitas nyeri bahu, sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya pencegahan di tempat kerja dengan harapan terjadi peningkatan derajat kesehatan pekerja pandai besi. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan pendekatan konsekutif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik dan pengamatan cara kerja. Variable yang diteliti adalah umur, index masa tubuh, masa kerja, lama kerja, posisi kerja lengan atas, waktu istirahat, dan gerakan repetitif. Dilakukan pengukuran nyeri dan disabilitas menggunakan instrumen shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukan hubungan signifikan antara lama istirahat ≥ 15menit dengan kejadian disabilitas nyeri bahu. Pada analisis multivariat variabel posisi kerja lengan atas > 450, lama istirahat ≥ 15menit, dan gerakan repetitif tinggi menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan. Pekerja yang memiliki posisi lengan atas > 45° saat bekerja berisiko mengalami disabilitas nyeri bahu 9,18 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang memiliki posisi lengan atas < 45° saat bekerja (aOR = 9,18; CI 95% 1,76-47,74 ; p = 0,008). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini ditemukan prevalensi disabilitas ringan nyeri bahu sebesar 73,1% dan prevalensi disabilitas sedang-berat nyeri bahu sebesar 26,9%. Faktor pekerjan yang berhubungan adalah posisi lengan atas > 45° saat bekerja, lama istirahat ≥ 15menit, dan gerakan repetitif rendah sedang.
Kata kunci: disabilitas nyeri bahu, pekerja pandai besi,


Background: Traditional blacksmiths are small industries with limited business capital and low health management systems. In the implementation of production, manual material handling activities dominate. It is necessary to identify the causes or factors related to the occurrence of shoulder pain disability, so that preventive efforts can be made in the workplace with the hope of increasing the health of blacksmith workers. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design with a consecutive approach. Data collection was carried out by interviews, physical examinations and observations of work methods. The variables studied were age, body mass index, length of service, length of service, upper arm work position, rest time, and repetitive movements. Pain and disability measurements were carried out using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) instrument. Result: The results of the bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between rest time ≥ 15 minutes and the incidence of shoulder pain disability. In the multivariate analysis, the variables of upper arm work position > 450, rest time ≥ 15 minutes, and high repetitive movements showed a significant relationship. Workers who have an upper arm position > 45° while working are at risk of experiencing shoulder pain disability 9.18 times greater than workers who have an upper arm position < 45° while working (aOR = 9.18; 95% CI 1.76-47.74; p = 0.008). Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of mild shoulder pain disability was found to be 73.1% and the prevalence of moderate-severe shoulder pain disability was 26.9%. Related work factors were the position of the upper arm > 45° while working, rest time ≥15 minutes, and low-moderate repetitive movements.
Keywords: shoulder pain disability, blacksmith workers, SPADI