Tesis

Korelasi antara Asupan dan Kadar Magnesium terhadap Uji jalan 6 Menit pada Pasien Kanker Kepala Leher yang Menjalani Terapi Kemoradiasi = Correlation between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Serum Magnesium Levels with Six-Minute Walk Test in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation Therapy.

Latar Belakang: Pasien kanker kepala-leher yang menjalani terapi kemoradiasi berisiko mengalami penurunan asupan, status gizi, dan kapasitas fungsional akibat efek samping terapi seperti nyeri menelan, mual, dan kelelahan. Gangguan ini tidak hanya berdampak pada pemenuhan makronutrien seperti protein dan energi, tetapi juga pada asupan mikronutrien penting. Salah satunya adalah magnesium, mikronutrien esensial yang berperan dalam fungsi neuromuskular dan metabolisme energi. Namun, keterkaitan antara asupan dan kadar magnesium dengan kapasitas fungsional pada populasi ini masih belum banyak diteliti. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher yang menjalani terapi kemoradiasi di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dari Maret hingga Mei 2025. Subjek penelitian direkrut menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel konsekutif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mengenai karakteristik pasien dan asupan makanan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan semi-kuantitatif (SQ-FFQ), pengukuran antropometri, analisis kadar magnesium serum melalui spektrometri, dan tes jalan enam menit (6MWT). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 53 subjek dengan median usia 51 (20-59) tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 67,9%, dan 52,8% di antaranya dengan status gizi normal secara indeks massa tubuh. Asupan magnesium subjek 313,8 ± 126,2 mg/ hari, dengan asupan rendah pada 67,9% subjek, kadar magnesium 1,95 ± 0,26 mg/dL, dengan nilai normal pada 92,4% subjek. Hasil uji jalan 6 menit 427,7 ± 123,4 meter. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara asupan magnesium dengan 6MWT (r = 0,064, p > 0,05), maupun antara kadar magnesium serum dengan 6MWT (r = 0,012, p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini tidak menemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan maupun kadar magnesium dengan uji jalan 6 menit pada pasien kanker kepala-leher yang menjalani kemoradiasi. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kapasitas fungsional pada pasien kanker kepala-leher yang menjalani kemoradiasi kemungkinan lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain di luar magnesium, seperti kehilangan massa otot, atau kelelahan terkait kanker.
Kata kunci: Kanker kepala leher, terapi kemoradiasi, magnesium, uji jalan 6 menit.


Background: Patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy are at risk of decreased dietary intake, nutritional status, and functional capacity due to treatment-related side effects such as dysphagia, nausea, and fatigue. These complications may impact not only macronutrient intake but also essential micronutrients, including magnesium, which is vital for neuromuscular function and energy metabolism. However, the association between magnesium intake and serum levels with functional capacity in this population has not been well established. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) from March to May 2025. Study subjects were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews on patient characteristics and dietary intake using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), anthropometric measurements, serum magnesium level analysis via spectrometry, and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test. Results: This study involved 53 subjects with a median age of 51 years (range 20–59), of whom 67,9% were male and 52,8% had normal nutritional status based on body mass index. The mean magnesium intake was 313,8 ± 126,2 mg/day, with 67.9% of subjects having low intake. The mean serum magnesium level was 1,95 ± 0,26 mg/dL, with 92,4% of subjects within the normal range. The mean 6MWT distance was 427,7 ± 123,4 meters. No statistically significant correlation was found between magnesium intake and 6MWT performance (r = 0,064, p > 0,05), nor between serum magnesium levels and 6MWT performance (r = 0,012, p > 0,05). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between magnesium intake or levels and functional capacity in head-neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation. These results suggest that factors other than magnesium may play a greater role in determining functional capacity in this population.
Keywords: Head and neck cancer, chemoradiation, magnesium, 6-minute walk test.