Tesis

Hubungan antara biomarker p16 dengan profil penuaan kulit berdasarkan skala Glogau dan Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale pada tipe kulit Fitzpatrick III−V = The Relationship Between p16 Biomarker and Skin Aging Profile Based on the Glogau Scale and Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale in Fitzpatrick Skin Types III−V.

Latar belakang: Penuaan kulit adalah proses kompleks yang melibatkan interaksi faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik, salah satunya adalah cellular senescence, yang ditandai dengan ekspresi relatifp16 pada tingkat molekuler. Penilaian klinis penuaan kulit dapat dilakukan secara komprehensif menggunakan Skala Glogau dan Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS). Meskipun p16 telah diakui sebagai biomarker penting penuaan, hubungannya dengan manifestasi klinis penuaan kulit, terutama pada populasi spesifik di Indonesia, masih memerlukan penelusuran lebih lanjut. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong-lintang yang melibatkan 32 subjek dengan klinis penuaan kulit dan tipe kulit Fitzpatrick III−V di Jakarta. Pengukuran ekspresi relatif biomarker cellular senescence p16 dari darah perifer melalui teknik qRT-PCR, serta penilaian penuaan kulit menggunakan skala Glogau dan skor DPAS. Hasil: Median keseluruhan ekspresi relatif biomarker p16 adalah 0,45 kali lipat (rentang 0,08–5,36). Profil penuaan kulit menunjukkan dominasi skala Glogau III (72,7% subjek), dengan rerata usia Glogau II, III, dan IV berturut-turut 36,78 ± 5,09 tahun, 51,26 ± 6,72 tahun, dan 54 tahun. Rerata skor DPAS lebih tinggi (24,64 ± 2,17) pada kelompok usia >50 tahun dibandingkan kelompok usia ≤50 tahun (22 ± 3,55). Temuan dominan DPAS meliputi yellowish discoloration, white lines, lentigo, hypo-hyperpigmented macules, dan superficial wrinkles. Analisis hubungan menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan ekspresi relatif p16 antar skala Glogau (p = 0,244). Demikian pula, tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan antara ekspresi relatif p16 dengan skor DPAS (r = 0,051; p = 0,781). Kesimpulan: Ekspresi biomarker cellular senescence p16 tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan manifestasi klinis penuaan kulit yang dinilai menggunakan skala Glogau maupun skor DPAS pada populasi tipe kulit Fitzpatrick III−V. Hasil ini mengindikasikan kompleksitas hubungan antara biomarker molekuler sistemik dan tanda penuaan kulit yang tervisualisasi, serta perlunya kombinasi p16 dengan biomarker cellullar senescence lainnya untuk diperiksakan baik melalui darah maupun jaringan kulit.
Kata kunci: cellular senescence, DPAS, p16, penuaan kulit, skala Glogau


Background: Skin aging is a complex process involving interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic factors, one of which is cellular senescence, marked by the relative expression of p16 at the molecular level. Clinical assessment of skin aging can be comprehensively performed using the Glogau Scale and the Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS). Although p16 has been recognized as an important biomarker of aging, its association with the clinical manifestations of skin aging, particularly in specific populations in Indonesia, remains to be further explored. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study involving 32 subjects with clinical signs of skin aging and Fitzpatrick skin types III−V in Jakarta. Measurements included the relative expression of the cellular senescence biomarker p16 from peripheral blood was measured using qRTPCR, and skin aging was assessed using the Glogau Scale and DPAS score. Results: The overall median relative expression of the p16 biomarker was 0.45-fold (range 0.08 – 5.36). The skin aging profile showed a predominance of Glogau Scale III (72.7% of subjects), with the mean ages for Glogau II, III, and IV being 36.78 ± 5.09, 51.26 ± 6.72, and 54 years, respectively. The mean DPAS score was higher (24.64 ± 2.17) in the age group >50 years compared to the ≤50 years age group (22 ± 3.55). Dominant DPAS findings included yellowish discoloration, white lines, lentigo, hypo-hyperpigmented macules, and superficial wrinkles. However, correlation analysis showed no significant difference in p16 relative expression between Glogau scales (p = 0.244). Likewise, no significant correlation was found between p16 expression and DPAS score (r = 0.051; p = 0.781). Conclusion: The expression of the cellular senescence biomarker p16 does not show a significant association with the clinical manifestations of skin aging, as assessed by the Glogau scale or DPAS score, in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types III−V. These findings highlight the complex relationship between systemic molecular biomarkers and visible signs of skin aging, suggesting the need for further investigation of p16 in combination with other cellular senescence biomarkers assessed from both blood and skin tissue.
Keywords: cellular senescence, DPAS, Glogau scale, p16, skin aging