Tesis

Antropometri dan Analisis Wajah pada Pasien Mikrotia Unilateral di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusmo Tahun 2021 – 2025 = Anthropometric and Facial Analysis of Unilateral Microtia Patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital 2021 – 2025.

Latar Belakang: Mikrotia adalah kelainan kongenital telinga luar yang sering disertai asimetri wajah akibat hipoplasia malar dan mandibula. Evaluasi antropometri wajah penting untuk menentukan tingkat deformitas dan strategi rekonstruktif. Kurangnya data kraniofasial lokal mendorong perlunya penelitian ini untuk mendukung tatalaksana pasien mikrotia di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan antropometri mandibula-malar antara sisi mikrotia dan kontralateral pada pasien mikrotia unilateral, serta mengevaluasi pengaruh usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan derajat mikrotia terhadap perbedaan tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan subjek pasien mikrotia unilateral yang dianalisis karakteristik demografis, status gizi, dan derajat mikrotianya. Pengukuran antropometri wajah dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Rhinobase untuk area midface dan Adobe Photoshop untuk mandibula-malar. Parameter yang dinilai meliputi jarak tragion-gnation, gonion-gnation, kondilus lateralis-gonion, dan penonjolan malar. Analisis statistik membandingkan sisi mikrotia dan kontralateral serta mengkaji faktor-faktor terkait. Hasil: Mayoritas subjek berusia ≤18 tahun, laki-laki, bergizi normal, dengan mikrotia grade 3 dan lateralisasi kanan. Seluruh parameter mandibula-malar menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara sisi mikrotia dan kontralateral (p < 0,05). Defisiensi pertumbuhan tampak sejak kanak-kanak dan menetap hingga dewasa. Derajat hipoplasia lebih berat pada laki-laki. Pada subjek dengan IMT tinggi, perbedaan tragion-gnation tidak bermakna karena pengaruh jaringan lunak. Pasien mikrotia grade 2 menunjukkan tinggi ramus mandibula yang relatif lebih baik dibandingkan grade 3. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna parameter antropometri wajah antara sisi mikrotia dan kontralateral, mencakup tragion-gnation, goniongnation, kondilus lateralis-gonion, dan penonjolan malar, sehingga pengukuran wajah rutin diperlukan untuk mendukung presisi aurikuloplasti dan hasil rekonstruksi optimal.
Kata kunci: mikrotia unilateral, asimetri wajah, antropometri wajah, analisis wajah, mandibula-malar, fotogrametri, Rhinobase, Adobe Photoshop


Background: Microtia is a congenital deformity of the external ear frequently associated with facial asymmetry due to malar and mandibular hypoplasia. Facial anthropometric evaluation is crucial for assessing the severity of deformities and planning reconstructive strategies. The lack of local craniofacial data underscores the need for this study to support the management of microtia patients in Indonesia. Objective: To analyze mandibular-malar anthropometric differences between the microtia and contralateral sides in unilateral microtia patients, and to evaluate the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and microtia grade on these differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved unilateral microtia patients whose demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and microtia grades were recorded. Facial anthropometric measurements were performed using Rhinobase software for the midface and Adobe Photoshop for mandibular-malar analysis. Evaluated parameters included tragion-gnathion distance, gonion-gnathion distance, lateral condyle-gonion distance, and malar projection. Statistical analyses compared the microtia and contralateral sides and examined associated factors. Results: Most subjects were ≤18 years old, male, of normal nutritional status, with grade 3 microtia and right-sided involvement. All mandibular-malar parameters showed significant differences between the microtia and contralateral sides (p < 0.05). Growth deficiency was evident from childhood and persisted into adulthood, with more severe hypoplasia observed in males. In subjects with higher BMI, tragion-gnathion differences were not significant due to soft tissue effects. Patients with grade 2 microtia exhibited relatively better mandibular ramus height compared to those with grade 3. Conclusion: Significant differences were found in facial anthropometric parameters between the microtia and contralateral sides, including tragion-gnathion, goniongnathion, lateral condyle-gonion distances, and malar projection. Routine facial measurements are essential to enhance the precision of auricular reconstruction and optimize surgical outcomes.
Keywords: unilateral microtia, facial asymmetry, facial anthropometry, facial analysis, mandibular-malar, photogrammetry, Rhinobase, Adobe Photoshop