Tesis

Volume Normal Kelenjar Hipofisis Dan Korelasi Volume Hipofisis Dengan Status Antropometri Pada Anak Dan Remaja = Normal Pituitary Gland Volume and the Correlation Between Pituitary Volume and Anthropometric Status in Children and Adolescents.

Latar belakang: Hipofisis berperan penting dalam mengatur metabolisme dan pertumbuhan. Ukurannya mencerminkan aktivitas fisiologis dan dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk status gizi. Namun, hubungan antara ukuran hipofisis dan status antropometri pada anak-anak serta remaja, khususnya di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang melibatkan 359 anak berusia 0–18 tahun yang menjalani MRI hipofisis di RSCM. Pengukuran volume hipofisis dilakukan melalui rekonstruksi MRI 3D, sedangkan status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan Z-score BB/TB, TB/U, dan BMI/U. Hubungan antara dimensi hipofisis dan parameter gizi dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa volume, tinggi, dan lebar hipofisis meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Volume hipofisis mencapai nilai tertinggi pada usia 15–18 tahun (laki-laki: 365 mm³, perempuan: 382 mm³), sementara tinggi hipofisis tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok usia 10–14 tahun. Lebar hipofisis juga paling besar pada usia 15–18 tahun. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa perempuan memiliki volume dan tinggi hipofisis lebih besar pada usia 1 –4 tahun, serta lebar hipofisis yang lebih besar pada usia 10–14 tahun. Tren ini juga terlihat pada anak-anak dengan status gizi normal berdasarkan Z-score TB/U dan BMI/U. Anak dengan Z-score TB/U normal cenderung memiliki ukuran hipofisis lebih besar dibandingkan mereka yang berada di luar kategori tersebut. Namun, tidak ditemukan korelasi yang konsisten antara ukuran hipofisis dengan parameter gizi lainnya. Kesimpulan: Studi ini memberikan gambaran tentang distribusi ukuran hipofisis normal pada anakanak Indonesia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ukuran hipofisis meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia dengan perbedaan tertentu antara laki-laki dan perempuan, tetapi tidak ada korelasi yang jelas antara parameter gizi dan ukuran hipofisis.
Kata kunci: Hipofisis, Volume Hipofisis, Status Gizi, Antropometri, Anak-Anak, MRI


Background: The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and growth. Its size reflects physiological function and may be influenced by various factors, including nutritional status. However, the relationship between pituitary size and anthropometric status in children and adolescents, particularly in the Indonesian population, remains unclear. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 359 children aged 0–18 years who underwent pituitary MRI at RSCM. Pituitary volume was measured using 3D MRI reconstruction, while nutritional status was assessed based on weight-for-height (WHZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and body mass index-for-age (BMIZ) Z-scores. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between pituitary dimensions and nutritional parameters. Results: The study found that pituitary volume, height, and width increased with age. The highest pituitary volume was observed in the 15–18-year-old group (males: 365 mm³, females: 382 mm³), while the greatest pituitary height was seen in the 10–14-year-old group. The widest pituitary measurements were recorded in the 15–18-year-old group. Further analysis showed that in early childhood (ages 1 –4), females had larger pituitary volume and height than males, while during adolescence (ages 10–14), females had greater pituitary width. A similar trend was observed in children with normal nutritional status based on HAZ and BMIZ, where females tended to have a wider pituitary gland than males. Children with a normal HAZ generally had larger pituitary sizes than those with abnormal HAZ. However, no consistent correlation was found between pituitary size and WHZ, HAZ, or BMIZ. Conclusions: This study provides a reference for normal pituitary size distribution in Indonesian children. Findings suggest that pituitary dimensions increase with age, with sex-based differences in certain age groups, but no clear correlation between nutritional parameters and pituitary size.
Keywords: Pituitary Gland, Pituitary Volume, Nutritional Status, Anthropometry, Children, MRI.