Tesis

Proporsi dan karakteristik TB terkonfirmasi bakteriologis pada anak dan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi = Proportion and medical characteristics of bacteriologically confirmed TB in children and the factors affecting.

Latar belakang : Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting terutama di negara berkembang. Hingga saat ini, penelitian terkait proporsi dan karakteristik medis TB terkonfirmasi dan TB klinis anak masih jarang dan belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia, dengan demikian diperlukan penelitian untuk memberikan gambaran karakteristik TB anak terkonfirmasi bakteriologis dengan TB klinis. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui proporsi dan karakteristik demografi TB dan medis pada TB terkonfirmasi bakteriologis dan TB klinis pada anak. Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan mengumpulkan data anak dengan TB terkonfirmasi dan TB klinis yang diambil dari data Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB) dan rekam medis manual serta elektronik di RSUP Cipto Mangukusumo (RSCM) Jakarta. Kriteria inklusi adalah anak berusia 1 bulan sampai 18 tahun, terdapat diagnosis TB baik terkonfirmasi atau klinis, tercatat di Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis RSCM, dan rekam medis lengkap. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menghitung rasio Odds dan uji Chi-square sementara analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik dengan hasil ditampilkan adalah adjusted rasio Odds dan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil : Pada penelitian ini diperoleh 705 subjek penelitian dengan diagnosis TB yang dirawat di ruang perawatan anak dan poliklinik respirologi di RSCM periode Januari 2020 sampai dengan Desember 2024. Terdapat 451 kasus TB paru dan 254 kasus TB ekstraparu. Di antara keseluruhan kasus tersebut, hanya terdapat 151 kasus (21,4%) TB yang terkonfirmasi bakteriologis. Terdapat 7 variabel yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan TB terkonfirmasi bakteriologis, yakni riwayat kontak, demam, batuk, pembengkakan sendi, limpadenofati, status gizi kurang/gizi buruk dan penyakit dasar. Kesimpulan : Pada pasien anak dengan TB, terdapat 151 kasus (21,4%) TB yang terkonfirmasi bakteriologis. Berdasarkan karakteristik demografi dan berdasarkan karakteristik medis terdapat 7 variabel yaitu riwayat kontak, demam, batuk, status gizi, pembengkakan sendi, limpadenofati, dan penyakit dasar adalah faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TB terkonfirmasi bakteriologis.
Keyword : TB anak, TB terkonfirmasi bakteriologis, TB klinis


Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Until now, research related to the proportion and medical characteristics of bacteriologically confirmed TB and clinical TB in children is still rare and has never been done in Indonesia, thus research is needed to provide an overview of the characteristics of bacteriologically confirmed TB in children with clinical TB. Objective : To determine the proportion and demographic characteristics of bacteriologically confirmed TB and clinical TB in children. Method : The design of this study was cross-sectional by collecting data on children with confirmed TB and clinical TB taken from Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) data and manual and electronic medical records at RSUP. Cipto Mangukusumo (RSCM) Jakarta. The inclusion criteria were children aged 1 month to 18 years, there was a diagnosis of TB either confirmed or clinical, recorded in the RSCM Tuberculosis Information System, and complete medical records. Bivariate analysis was performed by calculating the Odds ratio and Chi-square test while multivariate analysis used logistic regression with the results displayed being the adjusted Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results : This study obtained 705 subjects with a diagnosis of TB who were treated in the pediatric ward and respiratory polyclinic at RSCM from January 2020 to December 2024. There were 451 cases of pulmonary TB and 254 cases of extrapulmonary TB. Among all these cases, there were only 151 cases (21.4%) of bacteriologically confirmed TB. There are 7 variables related to bacteriologically confirmed TB. The are 7 variables related to bacteriologically confirmed TB history of contact, fever, cough, joint swelling, lymphadenopathy, under nutrition/severe malnutrition and underlyine disease. Conclusion : In pediatric patients with TB, there were 151 cases (21.4%) of bacteriologically confirmed TB. The demografic characteristic and 7 variable medic characteristic with history of contact, fever, cough, joint swelling, lymphadenopathy, under nutrition/severe malnutrition and underlying disease are factors related to the incidence of bacteriologically confirmed TB.
Keywords : pediatric TB, bacteriologically confirmed TB, clinical TB