Tesis

Korelasi Merokok dan Konsumsi Kopi terhadap Keparahan Diabetic Foot Ulcer menggunakan Kriteria Wifi di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia, Lhokseumawe-Aceh Utara = Correlation between Smoking and Coffee Consumption with The Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcers using The Wifi Criteria at Cut Meutia General Hospital, Lhokseumawe–North Aceh.

Latar Belakang: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) merupakan komplikasi serius dari diabetes mellitus. Faktor risiko seperti merokok dan konsumsi kopi telah dikaitkan dengan kontrol glukosa yang buruk dan gangguan vaskular, namun hubungannya terhadap tingkat keparahan DFU belum sepenuhnya dipahami. Penilaian keparahan luka DFU dapat dilakukan menggunakan sistem WIFI (Wound, Ischemia, and Foot Infection) yang telah divalidasi secara klinis. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara merokok dan konsumsi kopi dengan tingkat keparahan DFU menggunakan kriteria WIFi pada pasien di RSUD Cut Meutia, Aceh. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan 188 pasien DFU yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis statistika dilakukan menggunakan Chi-square test of independence. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status merokok sedang dengan keparahan DFU (p=0,002). Konsumsi kopi tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan derajat keparahan DFU (p=0,468). Dalam analisis multivariat, tidak ditemukan pengaruh signifikan dari merokok maupun konsumsi kopi terhadap skor WIFI secara simultan (p > 0,05). Simpulan: Merokok tingkat sedang berhubungan dengan peningkatan keparahan DFU, terutama saat dikombinasikan dengan konsumsi kopi ringan atau sedang. Konsumsi kopi tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Analisis multivariat tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan kedua variabel secara bersamaan, menandakan kemungkinan adanya faktor perancu lain yang memengaruhi keparahan DFU.
Kata kunci: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, WIFI Score, Merokok, Konsumsi Kopi, Risiko Amputasi


Background: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors such as smoking habits and coffee consumption have been associated with poor glucose control and vascular dysfunction; however, their relationship to the severity of DFU is not yet fully understood. The severity of DFU wounds can be assessed using the clinically validated WIFI system (Wound, Ischemia, and Foot Infection). Objective: To evaluate the association between smoking habits and coffee consumption with the severity of DFU based on the WIFI score in patients at RSUD Cut Meutia, Aceh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 188 DFU patients who met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test of independence. Results: A significant association was found between moderate smoking and DFU severity (p=0.002). Coffee consumption was not significantly associated with the degree of DFU severity (p=0.468). In multivariate analysis, no significant effect of smoking or coffee consumption on WIFI scores was found when analyzed simultaneously (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Moderate smoking is associated with increased DFU severity, especially when combined with light or moderate coffee consumption. Coffee consumption alone did not show a meaningful relationship. The multivariate analysis did not reveal a significant simultaneous effect of both variables, suggesting the potential influence of other confounding factors on DFU severity.
Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, WIFI Score, Smoking, Coffee Consumption, Amputation Risk